AquaFlow

A smart water flow monitoring and pump control system that combines IoT hardware with real-time cloud analytics. AquaFlow tracks water consumption across multiple sensors, detects leakages, and provides a web-based dashboard for complete system control.

Project by: Yugesh

Overview

AquaFlow is a comprehensive water management solution designed to monitor and control water distribution in real-time. The system uses flow sensors to track water usage, calculates costs, detects anomalies, and allows remote pump control through a cloud-connected interface.

Key Features

• Dual Flow Monitoring: Real-time tracking of two independent water flow sensors (YF-S401)
• Remote Pump Control: ON/OFF control via web dashboard with cloud synchronization
• Cost Tracking: Automatic calculation of water usage costs (live, weekly, monthly)
• Leakage Detection: Intelligent comparison between sensors to identify irregularities
• Cloud Integration: Firebase Realtime Database for seamless data synchronization
• Responsive Dashboard: Modern web interface optimized for desktop and mobile
• Real-time Updates: Live sensor data and status indicators

Hardware Requirements

• Microcontroller: ESP32 (with WiFi connectivity)
• Flow Sensors: 2x YF-S401 water flow sensors
• Relay Module: 1x relay (active LOW) for pump control
• Power Supply: 5V for ESP32, appropriate voltage for relay and sensors
• Connecting Components: Jumper wires, breadboard (optional)

Pin Configuration (ESP32 GPIO)

Component	GPIO Pin	Notes
Relay Control	GPIO 23	Active LOW (HIGH = OFF, LOW = ON)
Flow Sensor 1	GPIO 18	Input with pull-up, FALLING edge interrupt
Flow Sensor 2	GPIO 19	Input with pull-up, FALLING edge interrupt

Software Requirements

• Arduino IDE with ESP32 board support
• Firebase ESP Client library by Mobizt
• Firebase Realtime Database account
• Modern web browser for dashboard access

Installation & Setup

1. Hardware Wiring

Connect components according to the pin configuration:

• Flow sensors: Signal pins to GPIO 18 and 19, GND and 5V to power rails
• Relay module: Control pin to GPIO 23, connect pump circuit in relay's normally open contacts
• ESP32: Power from 5V supply with common ground

2. Arduino Code Setup

1. Download the Arduinocode.cpp file
2. Open Arduino IDE and create a new sketch
3. Install required library:
   • Go to Sketch → Include Library → Manage Libraries
   • Search for "Firebase ESP Client" by Mobizt
   • Install the latest version
4. Replace Firebase and WiFi credentials in the code:

   #define WIFI_SSID "Your_WiFi_Name"
   #define WIFI_PASSWORD "Your_WiFi_Password"
   #define API_KEY "Your_Firebase_API_Key"
   #define DATABASE_URL "https://your-database-url.firebaseio.com/"
   #define USER_EMAIL "[email protected]"
   #define USER_PASSWORD "your_password"

5. Upload the sketch to your ESP32

3. Firebase Setup

1. Create a new Firebase project at https://console.firebase.google.com
2. Enable Realtime Database
3. Create the following database structure:

   /
   ├── pump (string, initial value: "OFF")
   ├── flow1 (number)
   ├── flow2 (number)
   └── data
       ├── totalLiters (number)
       ├── totalPrice (number)
       ├── lastFlow1 (number)
       └── lastFlow2 (number)
   

4. Update your Firebase security rules with the provided firebaserules.txt

4. Web Dashboard Setup

1. Create three files in the same directory:
   • index.html
   • style.css
   • script.js
2. Update Firebase credentials in script.js:

   const firebaseConfig = {
     apiKey: "YOUR_API_KEY_HERE",
     authDomain: "YOUR_PROJECT_ID.firebaseapp.com",
     databaseURL: "https://YOUR_PROJECT_ID-default-rtdb.YOUR_REGION.firebasedatabase.app",
     // ... other credentials
   };

3. Optional: Add Aquabg.jpg background image to the same directory
4. Open index.html in a web browser to access the dashboard

Usage

Dashboard Controls

• Motor Control Section: Click ON/OFF buttons to control the pump remotely
• Sensor Status: Green indicators show active flow in each sensor
• Water Usage Cards: Display current, weekly, and monthly consumption with cost calculations
• Sensor Flow: Real-time flow rates in ml/sec for each sensor
• Leakage Detection: Green indicator means normal (balanced flow), red indicates potential leakage
• Reset Button: Clears accumulated usage data

Auto Mode

The AUTO pump mode is available in the Arduino code for future automation logic. Currently, it requires custom implementation based on your specific automation requirements.

Technical Details

Flow Calculation

• Flow sensors report pulses detected within a 1-second interval
• Conversion formula: Flow Rate (L/min) = Pulse Count / 7.5
• Note: The calibration constant (7.5) is specific to YF-S401 sensors; adjust if using different models
• Dashboard converts to ml/sec: ml/sec = L/min × 1000 / 60

Data Transmission

• Arduino reads pump commands from Firebase every loop iteration (~100ms)
• Flow data is sent to Firebase every 1 second
• Flow interrupts are temporarily disabled during data processing to prevent conflicts
• Web dashboard updates in real-time through Firebase listeners

Leakage Detection Logic

• Compares flow readings from both sensors
• If difference < 0.05 L/min: System displays green (normal)
• If difference ≥ 0.05 L/min: System displays red (potential leakage)
• Useful for detecting pipe breaks or unauthorized usage

Customization

Adjusting Pricing

In script.js, modify the pricing formula:

totalPrice = totalLiters * 0.3; // Change 0.3 to your cost per liter

Changing Flow Calibration

In Arduinocode.cpp:

float flowRate1 = (pulseCount1 / 7.5); // Change 7.5 to your sensor's calibration

Modifying Leakage Threshold

In script.js:

const isNormal = Math.abs(lastF1 - lastF2) < 0.05; // Change 0.05 to desired threshold

Troubleshooting

Issue	Solution
ESP32 won't connect to WiFi	Verify SSID/password are correct; check WiFi signal strength
Flow sensors not reading	Verify GPIO pins; check sensor polarity; ensure proper pull-up configuration
Firebase connection fails	Confirm API key and database URL; check Firebase security rules allow read/write
Dashboard shows no data	Verify Firebase credentials in script.js; check browser console for errors; ensure ESP32 is online
Relay not responding	Check active LOW configuration; verify GPIO 23 connection; test relay with simple LED sketch

Security Notes

• Current Firebase rules allow open read/write access for development
• Production Deployment: Implement proper authentication and restrict database access
• Keep Firebase credentials secure; never commit them to public repositories
• Consider using environment variables for sensitive configuration

Limitations & Future Improvements

• Current AUTO mode requires custom implementation
• Web dashboard uses in-memory storage; data persists in Firebase only
• No user authentication on dashboard (development setup)
• Leakage detection is threshold-based; advanced ML models could improve accuracy
• Consider adding historical data visualization and alerts

License

This project is provided as-is for personal and educational use.

Support & Contact

For questions or contributions, connect with the developer:

• LinkedIn: Yugesh
• Blog: Link
• Website: Link

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Last Updated: 2025