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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" data-theme="light" data-viewer-background="grid">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>cellucid - Interactive Single-Cell Data Visualization</title>
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--------------------
This stamp is used by `cellucid-python`'s hosted-asset proxy cache to decide
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Release validation owns this immutable value and changes it only together
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<meta name="cellucid-web-build-id" content="2026-07-27.24" />
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-->
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<!-- SEO Meta Tags -->
<meta name="description" content="Every cell tells a story. Navigate through millions of them, uncover hidden patterns, and see your data come alive." />
<meta name="keywords" content="single-cell, scRNA-seq, UMAP, visualization, WebGL, bioinformatics, gene expression, 3D visualization, cell atlas" />
<meta name="author" content="Kemal Inecik" />
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cellucid.com" />
<!-- Preconnect to external services for faster initial connection -->
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://theislab.github.io" crossorigin />
<!-- Open Graph / Social Media -->
<meta property="og:title" content="cellucid - Interactive Single-Cell Data Visualization" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Every cell tells a story. Navigate through millions of them, uncover hidden patterns, and see your data come alive." />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cellucid.com" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cellucid.com/assets/img/og-preview.jpg" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630" />
<!-- Twitter Card -->
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="cellucid - Interactive Single-Cell Data Visualization" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Every cell tells a story. Navigate through millions of them, uncover hidden patterns, and see your data come alive." />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.cellucid.com/assets/img/og-preview.jpg" />
<!-- Structured Data for Search Engines -->
<script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "WebApplication",
"name": "cellucid",
"description": "GPU-powered single-cell atlas viewer with real-time filtering, gene expression overlays, vector field animation, and collaborative community annotation.",
"url": "https://www.cellucid.com",
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"featureList": [
"Real-time rendering of millions of cells with adaptive level of detail (LOD)",
"Gene expression overlays with efficient sparse matrix handling",
"Categorical and continuous cell metadata coloring, filtering, and selection",
"Multi-dimensional support (1D timelines, 2D, 3D embeddings)",
"Animated vector field overlays (velocity / drift) with GPU particle flow",
"KNN connectivity edge visualization",
"Publication export: SVG (vector) + PNG (high-DPI)",
"Collaborative community annotation voting with optional GitHub sync"
]
}</script>
<!-- Analytics is initialized only on the declared production hosts. -->
<script src="assets/js/app/ui/core/ga-init.js"></script>
<!-- Favicons -->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="256x256" href="assets/img/favicon-256x256.png" />
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<link rel="mask-icon" href="assets/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#111827" />
<link rel="manifest" href="site.webmanifest" />
<meta name="msapplication-config" content="browserconfig.xml" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="assets/img/mstile-150x150.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#111827" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
<!-- Apply persisted theme early to avoid a flash when loading CSS -->
<script src="assets/js/app/ui/core/theme-init.js"></script>
<!-- Fonts are now self-hosted in assets/fonts/ for better performance -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/main.css" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- SEO: Semantic content for search engines and screen readers (hidden visually) -->
<main class="sr-only" aria-label="About cellucid">
<h1>cellucid - Interactive Single-Cell Data Visualization</h1>
<p>GPU-powered atlas viewer for single-cell data with fast rendering, real-time filtering, and collaborative annotation.</p>
<h2>Key Features</h2>
<ul>
<li>Real-time rendering of millions of cells with adaptive level of detail (LOD)</li>
<li>Gene expression overlays with efficient sparse matrix handling</li>
<li>Categorical and continuous cell metadata coloring, filtering, and selection</li>
<li>Multi-dimensional support (1D timelines, 2D, 3D embeddings)</li>
<li>Animated vector field overlay (velocity / drift) with GPU particle flow</li>
<li>Community annotation voting with optional GitHub sync</li>
<li>Connectivity edge visualization (KNN graph)</li>
<li>Publication export: SVG (vector) + PNG (high-DPI)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Data Sources</h2>
<p>Load prepared exports, AnnData <code>.h5ad</code> files, or portable <code>.zarr.zip</code> archives directly in the browser, from a Python server, or from a Jupyter notebook.</p>
<h2>Use Cases</h2>
<p>Explore scRNA-seq atlases, query marker genes, compare embeddings, visualize trajectories, and build consensus community annotations.</p>
</main>
<noscript>
<div class="noscript-message">
<h1>cellucid - Interactive Single-Cell Data Visualization</h1>
<p>Cellucid requires JavaScript and WebGL2 to run. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to use this application.</p>
<h2>About cellucid</h2>
<p>GPU-powered atlas viewer for single-cell data with fast rendering, real-time filtering, and collaborative annotation.</p>
<h3>Features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Real-time rendering of millions of cells with adaptive level of detail (LOD)</li>
<li>Gene expression overlays</li>
<li>Categorical and continuous cell metadata coloring, filtering, and selection</li>
<li>Multi-dimensional support (1D timelines, 2D, 3D embeddings)</li>
<li>Animated vector field overlays (velocity / drift)</li>
<li>Community annotation voting with optional GitHub sync</li>
<li>Connectivity edge visualization (KNN graph)</li>
<li>Publication export: SVG (vector) + PNG (high-DPI)</li>
</ul>
<p>Created by <a href="https://kemalinecik.com">Kemal Inecik</a></p>
</div>
</noscript>
<!-- Welcome Modal (ordinary catalog startup only; hidden until exact startup intent is resolved) -->
<div id="welcome-modal" class="welcome-modal hidden" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="welcome-title">
<div class="welcome-backdrop"></div>
<div class="welcome-content">
<div class="welcome-header">
<img src="assets/img/cellucid-logo.svg" alt="cellucid" class="welcome-logo" />
<h2 id="welcome-title" class="welcome-tagline">Interactive Single-Cell Visualization</h2>
</div>
<div class="welcome-body">
<p class="welcome-intro">Every cell tells a story. Navigate through millions of them, uncover hidden patterns, and see your data come alive.</p>
<div class="welcome-actions">
<button type="button" class="welcome-btn welcome-btn-primary" id="welcome-demo-btn">
<span class="welcome-btn-icon">◈</span>
<span class="welcome-btn-text">
<span class="welcome-btn-title">Choose a Dataset</span>
<span class="welcome-btn-desc">Open the data controls</span>
</span>
</button>
<a href="https://cellucid.readthedocs.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="welcome-btn welcome-btn-link">
<span class="welcome-btn-icon">→</span>
<span class="welcome-btn-text">
<span class="welcome-btn-title">Learn More</span>
<span class="welcome-btn-desc">Guides and documentation</span>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="welcome-quote">
<span class="welcome-quote-explanation">On the art of exploration</span>
<span class="welcome-quote-text">"Not all those who wander are lost."</span>
<span class="welcome-quote-attr">— <span class="welcome-quote-author">J.R.R. Tolkien</span>, <span class="welcome-quote-book">The Fellowship of the Ring</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- License Modal -->
<div id="license-modal" class="license-modal hidden" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="license-title">
<div class="license-backdrop"></div>
<div class="license-content">
<div class="license-header">
<h2 id="license-title">BSD 3-Clause License</h2>
<button type="button" class="license-close" id="license-close-btn" aria-label="Close">×</button>
</div>
<div class="license-body">
<p class="license-copyright">Copyright © 2025 Kemal Inecik</p>
<p>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:</p>
<ol>
<li>Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</li>
<li>Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.</li>
<li>Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.</li>
</ol>
<p class="license-disclaimer">THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- The plot is the first Tab stop in the document, so it has to say what it
is and what its keys do. <canvas> carries no implicit ARIA role, so an
explicit role that permits naming is what makes aria-label and
aria-describedby well defined here; `group` is used rather than `img`
(which contradicts a focusable, keyboard-operable element) or
`application` (which changes how a screen reader routes every key).
The description cannot point into #shortcuts-section: a collapsed
<details> hides its content with `content-visibility`, which removes the
whole subtree from the accessibility tree, so Chromium computes no
description from it at all while the panel is shut. #glcanvas-help is a
.sr-only element that is always rendered. It names a subset of the keys
on purpose — a description is spoken in full on every focus — and
tests/canvas-accessible-name-contract.test.mjs pins it to viewer.js: every
key it names must have a <kbd> in the shortcuts panel, and what it claims
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The scope clauses are load-bearing, not padding. `updateFreefly` moves on
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<canvas id="glcanvas" tabindex="0" role="group"
aria-label="Single-cell embedding plot"
aria-describedby="glcanvas-help"></canvas>
<!-- Sidebar toggle button -->
<button id="sidebar-toggle" class="sidebar-open" title="Toggle sidebar">✕</button>
<div id="sidebar">
<div id="sidebar-resize-handle" title="Drag to resize"></div>
<div class="sidebar-scroll">
<div class="sidebar-brand">
<a class="sidebar-brand-link" href="https://www.cellucid.com" aria-label="Visit cellucid.com">
<img src="assets/img/cellucid-logo.svg" alt="cellucid logo" class="sidebar-logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="accordion">
<details class="accordion-section" id="session-section" open>
<summary>Session</summary>
<div class="accordion-content">
<!-- Dataset info display -->
<div id="dataset-info" class="dataset-info">
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Dataset</span>
<span id="dataset-name" class="dataset-info-value">–</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Description</span>
<span id="dataset-description" class="dataset-info-value dataset-info-ellipsis" title="—">—</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Source</span>
<span id="dataset-source" class="dataset-info-value">–</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">URL</span>
<span id="dataset-url" class="dataset-info-value dataset-info-ellipsis" title="—">—</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Cells</span>
<span id="dataset-cells" class="dataset-info-value">–</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Genes</span>
<span id="dataset-genes" class="dataset-info-value">–</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Obs fields</span>
<span id="dataset-obs" class="dataset-info-value">–</span>
</div>
<div class="dataset-info-row">
<span class="dataset-info-label">Connectivity</span>
<span id="dataset-connectivity" class="dataset-info-value">–</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dataset Selector -->
<div class="control-block" data-state-serializer-skip="true">
<label for="dataset-select">Sample datasets:</label>
<select id="dataset-select" class="obs-select" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">
<option value="" disabled selected>Loading...</option>
</select>
</div>
<!--
Every data-source control below ships disabled: the listeners that
act on them are attached by initUI(), which does not run until the
first dataset has loaded. Until then a click would be discarded
without a request or a message, so the controls say plainly that
they are not ready yet. ui-coordinator.js admits them, and rewrites
this live region, the moment those listeners exist.
-->
<p id="data-source-status" class="dataset-info loading" role="status" aria-live="polite">Starting Cellucid — the data controls below open as soon as it is ready.</p>
<!-- Local data selectors -->
<div class="control-block mt-1 relative" id="user-data-block" data-state-serializer-skip="true">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Local data:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="user-data-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About local data loading"
aria-controls="user-data-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="user-data-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="user-data-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
<div class="info-step">H5AD: Load .h5ad files directly in browser</div>
<div class="info-step">Zarr ZIP: Load a <code>.zarr.zip</code> or <code>.zip</code> archive in Safari, Chrome, Edge, or Firefox</div>
<div class="info-step">Prepared: Load optimized data via <span class="info-cmd">cellucid prepare</span></div>
<div class="info-step">Docs: <a href="https://cellucid.readthedocs.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="info-cmd">cellucid.readthedocs.io</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="user-data-grid">
<button id="user-data-h5ad-btn" class="reset-btn data-btn" title="Load single .h5ad file" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">H5AD</button>
<button id="user-data-zarr-archive-btn" class="reset-btn data-btn" title="Load a portable Zarr ZIP archive in any supported browser" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">Zarr ZIP</button>
<button id="user-data-browse-btn" class="reset-btn data-btn data-btn-wide" title="Load prepared directory" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">Prepared</button>
<!-- Hidden file inputs -->
<input type="file" id="user-data-file-input" class="file-input-hidden" webkitdirectory directory multiple disabled />
<input type="file" id="user-data-h5ad-input" class="file-input-hidden" accept=".h5ad" disabled />
<input type="file" id="user-data-zarr-archive-input" class="file-input-hidden" accept=".zarr.zip,.zip,application/zip" disabled />
</div>
</div>
<!-- Remote server connection -->
<div class="control-block mt-0-5 relative" id="remote-server-block" data-state-serializer-skip="true">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Remote server:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="remote-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About remote server loading"
aria-controls="remote-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="remote-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="remote-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
<div class="info-step">Stream data from a local or remote server.</div>
<div class="info-step">Local: <span class="info-cmd">cellucid serve /path/to/data</span></div>
<div class="info-step">AnnData: <span class="info-cmd">cellucid serve file.h5ad</span></div>
<div class="info-step">Remote: <span class="info-cmd">ssh -L 8765:localhost:8765 user@host</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="user-data-row">
<input type="text" id="remote-server-url" class="user-data-path"
placeholder="http://localhost:8765" disabled
aria-describedby="data-source-status" />
<button id="remote-connect-btn" class="reset-btn" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">Connect</button>
</div>
<div id="remote-disconnect-container" class="user-data-row mt-1">
<button id="remote-disconnect-btn" class="reset-btn" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">Disconnect</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- GitHub repository data loading -->
<div class="control-block mt-0-5 relative" id="github-repo-block" data-state-serializer-skip="true">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>GitHub data:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="github-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About GitHub data loading"
aria-controls="github-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="github-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="github-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
<div class="info-step">Load prepared data from a public GitHub repository.</div>
<div class="info-step">Format: <span class="info-cmd">owner/repo/path/to/data</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="user-data-row">
<input type="text" id="github-repo-url" class="user-data-path"
placeholder="owner/repo/path/to/exports" disabled
aria-describedby="data-source-status" />
<button id="github-connect-btn" class="reset-btn" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">Connect</button>
</div>
<div id="github-disconnect-container" class="user-data-row mt-1">
<button id="github-disconnect-btn" class="reset-btn" disabled aria-describedby="data-source-status">Disconnect</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Session state save/load -->
<div class="control-block mt-0" id="session-state-controls">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Session state:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="session-state-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About session state"
aria-controls="session-state-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="session-state-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="session-state-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
Save or load camera, filters, highlights, and visualization settings.
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block d-flex gap-2">
<button id="save-state-btn" class="reset-btn flex-1">Save State</button>
<button id="load-state-btn" class="reset-btn flex-1">Load State</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</details>
<details class="accordion-section" id="visualization-section" open>
<summary>Visualization</summary>
<div class="accordion-content">
<!-- Theme -->
<div class="control-block" id="theme-controls">
<label for="theme-select">Theme:</label>
<select id="theme-select" class="obs-select">
<option value="light" selected>Light</option>
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
</select>
</div>
<!-- Background -->
<div class="control-block">
<label for="background-select">Background:</label>
<select id="background-select">
<option value="white">White</option>
<option value="grid" selected>Grid (light)</option>
<option value="grid-dark">Grid (dark)</option>
<option value="black">Black</option>
</select>
</div>
<!--
Render mode. The maturity tag is shown only while the mode it
describes is the selected one, so it reads as a property of that
option rather than of the control. The option text carries the same
word, because that is the only place a native <option> can carry it
and it has to be visible before the mode is chosen.
-->
<div class="control-block">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label for="render-mode">Render mode:</label>
<span
id="render-mode-maturity-tag"
class="maturity-tag"
title="Volumetric smoke cloud is in alpha: it is still changing, it is slower than points, and figure export cannot reproduce it."
hidden
>Alpha</span>
</div>
<select id="render-mode" class="obs-select">
<option value="points">Points</option>
<option value="smoke">Volumetric smoke cloud (alpha)</option>
</select>
</div>
<!-- Depth Perception controls -->
<div class="control-block" id="depth-controls">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Depth perception:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="depth-perception-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About depth perception"
aria-controls="depth-perception-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="depth-perception-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="depth-perception-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
Lighting, fog, and perspective scaling provide spatial cues in 3D.
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="point-size">Point size (log):</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="point-size" type="range" min="-24" max="100" step="0.5" value="16.5" />
<span id="point-size-display" class="slider-value">0.75</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="lighting-strength">3D lighting:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="lighting-strength" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="60" />
<span id="lighting-strength-display" class="slider-value">60</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="fog-density">Atmospheric fog:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="fog-density" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="50" />
<span id="fog-density-display" class="slider-value">50</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="size-attenuation">Perspective size scaling:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="size-attenuation" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="80" />
<span id="size-attenuation-display" class="slider-value">80</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Renderer Settings -->
<div class="control-block" id="renderer-controls">
<div class="control-block mt-0 mb-2">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label for="hp-shader-quality">Shader quality:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="shader-quality-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About shader quality"
aria-controls="shader-quality-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="shader-quality-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="shader-quality-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
<div class="info-step">
This changes what a point looks like, not how fast it draws.
Full adds lighting and fog, Light drops both, Ultra-light
draws squares instead of round dots.
</div>
<div class="info-step">
The three measured the same frame time at every point size
tested on one Apple M1 Pro. Depth writes discard most
overlapping fragments before the shader runs, so simplifying
it has nothing left to save.
</div>
<div class="info-step">
For speed, reach for Point size, a smaller window, filtering,
or Image quality below.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<select id="hp-shader-quality" class="obs-select">
<option value="full">Full (lighting + fog)</option>
<option value="light">Light (circular, no lighting)</option>
<option value="ultralight">Ultra-light (square points)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Renderer settings:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="renderer-settings-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About renderer settings"
aria-controls="renderer-settings-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="renderer-settings-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="renderer-settings-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
Level-of-detail and frustum culling reduce work for large datasets or limited hardware.
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="hp-lod-enabled" />
Level-of-Detail (LOD)
</label>
</div>
<div class="control-block mt-1 ml-4" id="lod-force-container">
<label for="hp-lod-force">Force LOD level:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="hp-lod-force" type="range" min="-1" max="17" step="1" value="-1" />
<span id="hp-lod-force-label" class="slider-value">Auto</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="hp-frustum-culling" />
Frustum culling
</label>
</div>
</div>
<!--
Antialiasing sits outside #renderer-controls on purpose: that block
is hidden in volumetric smoke mode, and this setting governs the
whole drawing buffer in both modes.
-->
<div class="control-block" id="antialias-controls">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label for="hp-antialias">Image quality:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="antialias-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About antialiasing"
aria-controls="antialias-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="antialias-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="antialias-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
<div class="info-step">
Antialiasing smooths the edge of every point. Turning it off
measured 19% faster at point size 0.75 and 34% faster at
large point sizes, on 10 million points on one Apple M1
Pro. Expect the shape, not the exact numbers, on other GPUs.
</div>
<div class="info-step">
It is not free to turn off: 18% of pixels change at point
size 0.75, and 32% with Ultra-light square points.
Small dots are almost all edge, so this is the setting that
changes what a dense cloud looks like.
</div>
<div class="info-step">
Until you set it yourself, it follows the dataset: on below
five million cells, off at or above, re-decided whenever a
dataset is opened. Setting it here ends that and applies to
the next frame.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="hp-antialias" checked />
Antialiasing (smooth point edges)
</label>
</div>
<div
id="hp-antialias-status"
class="legend-help"
role="status"
aria-live="polite"
></div>
</div>
<!-- Volumetric smoke controls -->
<div class="control-block" id="smoke-controls">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Volumetric smoke:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="smoke-info-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About volumetric smoke"
aria-controls="smoke-info-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="smoke-info-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="smoke-info-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
Physically based ray-marched smoke; controls scale with grid and noise detail.
</div>
</div>
<label>Quality & performance:</label>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-grid">Grid density:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-grid" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="80" />
<span id="smoke-grid-display" class="slider-value">128³</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-steps">Ray quality:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-steps" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="75" />
<span id="smoke-steps-display" class="slider-value">High</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="cloud-resolution">Render resolution:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="cloud-resolution" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="15" />
<span id="cloud-resolution-display" class="slider-value">0.51x</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="noise-resolution">Noise detail:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="noise-resolution" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="58" />
<span id="noise-resolution-display" class="slider-value">128³</span>
</div>
</div>
<label>Shape & motion:</label>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-density">Cloud density:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-density" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="56" />
<span id="smoke-density-display" class="slider-value">9</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-detail">Fine detail:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-detail" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="60" />
<span id="smoke-detail-display" class="slider-value">3.8</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-warp">Turbulence:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-warp" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="10" />
<span id="smoke-warp-display" class="slider-value">10%</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-speed">Animation speed:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-speed" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="40" />
<span id="smoke-speed-display" class="slider-value">1.00</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-edge">Edge softness:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-edge" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="0" />
<span id="smoke-edge-display" class="slider-value">0.2</span>
</div>
</div>
<label>Lighting:</label>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-absorption">Light absorption:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-absorption" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="65" />
<span id="smoke-absorption-display" class="slider-value">1.5</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-scatter">Light scattering:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-scatter" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="50" />
<span id="smoke-scatter-display" class="slider-value">0.8</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="smoke-direct-light">Direct lighting:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="smoke-direct-light" type="range" min="0" max="100" step="1" value="50" />
<span id="smoke-direct-light-display" class="slider-value">0.75x</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Point rendering controls (points mode only) -->
<div id="points-controls" class="visible">
<!-- KNN Connectivity Section -->
<div class="control-block" id="connectivity-controls">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>KNN Connectivity:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="connectivity-help-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About KNN connectivity"
aria-controls="connectivity-help-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="connectivity-help-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="connectivity-help-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
Connectivity edges are drawn only between currently visible cells.
</div>
</div>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="toggle-connectivity" />
Show connectivity edges
</label>
<div id="connectivity-sliders" class="nav-mode-box">
<div class="control-block">
<label for="connectivity-color">Edge color:</label>
<input type="color" id="connectivity-color" class="connectivity-color-picker" />
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="connectivity-alpha">Edge opacity:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="connectivity-alpha" type="range" min="1" max="100" step="1" value="60" />
<span id="connectivity-alpha-display" class="slider-value">0.60</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="connectivity-width">Line width:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="connectivity-width" type="range" min="1" max="50" step="1" value="10" />
<span id="connectivity-width-display" class="slider-value">1.0</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="connectivity-limit">Max edges:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="connectivity-limit" type="range" min="1000" max="1000000" step="1000" value="250000" />
<span id="connectivity-limit-display" class="slider-value">250k</span>
</div>
</div>
<div id="connectivity-info" class="legend-help mt-2 tabular-nums"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Velocity overlay (GPU particle flow) -->
<div class="control-block mt-1" id="velocity-overlay-controls" style="display: none;">
<div class="d-flex items-center gap-1">
<label>Vector Field Overlay:</label>
<button
type="button"
id="vector-field-help-btn"
class="info-btn"
aria-label="About vector field overlays"
aria-controls="vector-field-help-tooltip"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-expanded="false"
><span aria-hidden="true">i</span></button>
</div>
<div
id="vector-field-help-tooltip"
class="info-tooltip"
role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="vector-field-help-btn"
tabindex="-1"
hidden
>
<div class="info-tooltip-content">
Animated particle flow uses the selected dimension-specific per-cell velocity or drift vectors.
</div>
</div>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="velocity-overlay-enabled" />
Show overlay
</label>
<div id="velocity-overlay-settings" class="nav-mode-box" style="display: none;">
<div class="control-block">
<label for="velocity-field">Vector field:</label>
<select id="velocity-field" class="obs-select"></select>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="velocity-density">Particle density:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="velocity-density" type="range" min="1" max="500" step="1" value="15" />
<span id="velocity-density-display" class="slider-value">15K</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-block">
<label for="velocity-speed">Flow speed:</label>
<div class="slider-row">
<input id="velocity-speed" type="range" min="5" max="500" step="1" value="300" />