feat: add template-anchor-has-content

README.md

@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ To disable a rule for an entire `.gjs`/`.gts` file, use a regular ESLint file-le
 
 | Name                                                                                                             | Description                                                                      | 💼 | 🔧 | 💡 |
 | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :- | :- | :- |
+| [template-anchor-has-content](docs/rules/template-anchor-has-content.md)                                         | require anchor elements to contain accessible content                            |    |    |    |
 | [template-link-href-attributes](docs/rules/template-link-href-attributes.md)                                     | require href attribute on link elements                                          | 📋 |    |    |
 | [template-no-abstract-roles](docs/rules/template-no-abstract-roles.md)                                           | disallow abstract ARIA roles                                                     | 📋 |    |    |
 | [template-no-accesskey-attribute](docs/rules/template-no-accesskey-attribute.md)                                 | disallow accesskey attribute                                                     | 📋 | 🔧 |    |

docs/rules/template-anchor-has-content.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# ember/template-anchor-has-content
+
+<!-- end auto-generated rule header -->
+
+Requires every `<a href>` anchor to expose a non-empty accessible name to assistive technology.
+
+An anchor with no text, no accessible-name attribute (`aria-label`, `aria-labelledby`, `title`), and no accessible children (e.g. an `<img>` with non-empty `alt`) is rendered by screen readers as an empty link. Users have no way to tell what the link does.
+
+## Rule Details
+
+The rule only inspects plain `<a>` elements that have an `href` attribute. Component invocations (PascalCase, `@arg`, `this.foo`, `foo.bar`, `foo::bar`) are skipped — the rule cannot see through a component's implementation.
+
+For each in-scope anchor the rule computes whether the element exposes an accessible name:
+
+- A non-empty `aria-label`, `aria-labelledby`, or `title` on the anchor itself is an accessible name (any non-static / dynamic value is trusted).
+- Static text (including text nested inside child elements) is an accessible name.
+- `<img alt="...">` children contribute their `alt` to the name.
+- Children with `aria-hidden="true"` (or `{{true}}`) contribute nothing, even if they contain text or `alt`. Valueless / empty-string `aria-hidden` resolves to the default `undefined` per the WAI-ARIA value table and is treated as not-hidden — those children still contribute.
+- Dynamic content (`{{@foo}}`, `{{this.foo}}`, `{{#if ...}}`) is treated as opaque: the rule does not flag the anchor because it cannot know what will render.
+
+## Examples
+
+This rule **allows** the following:
+
+```gjs
+<template>
+  <a href="/about">About us</a>
+  <a href="/x"><span>Profile</span></a>
+  <a href="/x" aria-label="Close" />
+  <a href="/x" title="Open menu" />
+  <a href="/x"><img alt="Search" /></a>
+  <a href="/x">{{@label}}</a>
+  <a href="/x"><span aria-hidden>Profile</span></a>
+  <Link href="/x" />
+</template>
+```
+
+This rule **forbids** the following:
+
+```gjs
+<template>
+  <a href="/x" />
+  <a href="/x"></a>
+  <a href="/x">   </a>
+  <a href="/x"><span aria-hidden="true">X</span></a>
+  <a href="/x"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="Search" /></a>
+  <a href="/x"><img /></a>
+  <a href="/x" aria-label="" />
+</template>
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [W3C: Accessible Name and Description Computation (accname)](https://www.w3.org/TR/accname/)
+- [MDN: The Anchor element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a)
+- [WCAG 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/link-purpose-in-context.html)
+- [jsx-a11y/anchor-has-content](https://github.com/jsx-eslint/eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y/blob/main/docs/rules/anchor-has-content.md)
+- [vuejs-accessibility/anchor-has-content](https://github.com/vue-a11y/eslint-plugin-vuejs-accessibility/blob/main/docs/rules/anchor-has-content.md)

lib/rules/template-anchor-has-content.js

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const { isNativeElement } = require('../utils/is-native-element');
+const { getStaticAttrValue } = require('../utils/static-attr-value');
+
+function isDynamicValue(value) {
+  return value?.type === 'GlimmerMustacheStatement' || value?.type === 'GlimmerConcatStatement';
+}
+
+// Returns true if the `aria-hidden` attribute is explicitly set to "true"
+// (case-insensitive) or mustache-literal `{{true}}` / `{{"true"}}` / the
+// quoted-mustache concat equivalents. Per WAI-ARIA 1.2 §6.6 + aria-hidden
+// value table, valueless / empty-string `aria-hidden` resolves to the
+// default `undefined` — NOT `true` — so those forms do NOT hide the
+// element per spec. This aligns with the spec-first decisions in #2717 /
+// #19 / #33, and diverges from jsx-a11y's JSX-coercion convention. All
+// shape-unwrapping is delegated to the shared `getStaticAttrValue` helper.
+function isAriaHiddenTrue(attr) {
+  if (!attr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const resolved = getStaticAttrValue(attr.value);
+  if (resolved === undefined) {
+    // Dynamic — can't prove truthy.
+    return false;
+  }
+  return resolved.trim().toLowerCase() === 'true';
+}
+
+// True if the anchor itself declares an accessible name via a statically
+// non-empty `aria-label`, `aria-labelledby`, or `title`, OR via a dynamic
+// value (we can't know at lint time whether a mustache resolves to an empty
+// string, so we give the author the benefit of the doubt — matching the
+// "skip dynamic" posture used by `template-no-invalid-link-text`).
+function hasAccessibleNameAttribute(node) {
+  const attrs = node.attributes || [];
+  for (const name of ['aria-label', 'aria-labelledby', 'title']) {
+    const attr = attrs.find((a) => a.name === name);
+    if (!attr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (attr.value?.type === 'GlimmerMustacheStatement') {
+      const resolved = getStaticAttrValue(attr.value);
+      if (resolved === undefined) {
+        // Truly dynamic (e.g. `aria-label={{@label}}`) — can't know at lint
+        // time; give the author the benefit of the doubt.
+        return true;
+      }
+      // Static string literal in mustache, e.g. `aria-label={{""}}`.
+      // Treat exactly like a plain text value: non-empty means a name exists.
+      if (resolved.trim().length > 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (isDynamicValue(attr.value)) {
+      // GlimmerConcatStatement — treat as dynamic.
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (attr.value?.type === 'GlimmerTextNode') {
+      // Normalize ` ` to space before the whitespace check — matches the
+      // sibling rule `template-no-invalid-link-text`. `aria-label=" "`
+      // is functionally empty for assistive tech (no visual content, no
+      // announced text) and shouldn't count as an accessible name.
+      const chars = attr.value.chars.replaceAll(' ', ' ');
+      if (chars.trim().length > 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Recursively inspect a single child node and report how it would contribute
+// to the anchor's accessible name.
+//   { dynamic: true }       — opaque at lint time; treat anchor as labeled.
+//   { accessible: true }    — statically contributes a non-empty name.
+//   { accessible: false }   — contributes nothing (empty text, aria-hidden
+//                             subtree, <img> without non-empty alt, …).
+function evaluateChild(child, sourceCode) {
+  if (child.type === 'GlimmerTextNode') {
+    const text = child.chars.replaceAll('&nbsp;', ' ').trim();
+    return { dynamic: false, accessible: text.length > 0 };
+  }
+
+  if (
+    child.type === 'GlimmerMustacheStatement' ||
+    child.type === 'GlimmerSubExpression' ||
+    child.type === 'GlimmerBlockStatement'
+  ) {
+    // Dynamic content — can't statically tell whether it renders to something.
+    // Mirror `template-no-invalid-link-text`'s stance and skip.
+    return { dynamic: true, accessible: false };
+  }
+
+  if (child.type === 'GlimmerElementNode') {
+    const attrs = child.attributes || [];
+    const ariaHidden = attrs.find((a) => a.name === 'aria-hidden');
+    if (isAriaHiddenTrue(ariaHidden)) {
+      // aria-hidden subtrees contribute nothing, regardless of content.
+      return { dynamic: false, accessible: false };
+    }
+
+    // HTML boolean `hidden` (§5.4) removes the element from rendering AND
+    // from the accessibility tree — equivalent to aria-hidden="true" for
+    // accessible-name purposes. A <span hidden>Backup</span> inside an
+    // anchor contributes no name at runtime.
+    if (attrs.some((a) => a.name === 'hidden')) {
+      return { dynamic: false, accessible: false };
+    }
+
+    // Non-native children (components, custom elements, scope-shadowed tags)
+    // are opaque — we can't see inside them.
+    if (!isNativeElement(child, sourceCode)) {
+      return { dynamic: true, accessible: false };
+    }
+
+    // An <img> child contributes its alt text to the anchor's accessible name.
+    if (child.tag?.toLowerCase() === 'img') {
+      const altAttr = attrs.find((a) => a.name === 'alt');
+      if (!altAttr) {
+        // Missing alt is a separate a11y concern; treat as no contribution.
+        return { dynamic: false, accessible: false };
+      }
+      if (altAttr.value?.type === 'GlimmerMustacheStatement') {
+        const resolved = getStaticAttrValue(altAttr.value);
+        if (resolved === undefined) {
+          // Truly dynamic (e.g. `alt={{@alt}}`) — trust the author.
+          return { dynamic: true, accessible: false };
+        }
+        // Static string literal in mustache, e.g. `alt={{""}}` or
+        // `alt={{"Search"}}` — treat exactly like a plain text value.
+        return { dynamic: false, accessible: resolved.trim().length > 0 };
+      }
+      if (isDynamicValue(altAttr.value)) {
+        // GlimmerConcatStatement — treat as dynamic.
+        return { dynamic: true, accessible: false };
+      }
+      if (altAttr.value?.type === 'GlimmerTextNode') {
+        // Same `&nbsp;` normalization as hasAccessibleNameAttribute above —
+        // `<img alt="&nbsp;">` contributes no meaningful name.
+        const chars = altAttr.value.chars.replaceAll('&nbsp;', ' ');
+        return { dynamic: false, accessible: chars.trim().length > 0 };
+      }
+      return { dynamic: false, accessible: false };
+    }
+
+    // For any other HTML element child, recurse into its children AND its own
+    // aria-label/aria-labelledby/title (author may label an inner <span>).
+    if (hasAccessibleNameAttribute(child)) {
+      return { dynamic: false, accessible: true };
+    }
+
+    return evaluateChildren(child.children || [], sourceCode);
+  }
+
+  return { dynamic: false, accessible: false };
+}
+
+function evaluateChildren(children, sourceCode) {
+  let dynamic = false;
+  for (const child of children) {
+    const result = evaluateChild(child, sourceCode);
+    if (result.accessible) {
+      return { dynamic: false, accessible: true };
+    }
+    if (result.dynamic) {
+      dynamic = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return { dynamic, accessible: false };
+}
+
+/** @type {import('eslint').Rule.RuleModule} */
+module.exports = {
+  meta: {
+    type: 'problem',
+    docs: {
+      description: 'require anchor elements to contain accessible content',
+      category: 'Accessibility',
+      url: 'https://github.com/ember-cli/eslint-plugin-ember/tree/master/docs/rules/template-anchor-has-content.md',
+      templateMode: 'both',
+    },
+    fixable: null,
+    schema: [],
+    messages: {
+      anchorHasContent:
+        'Anchors must have content and the content must be accessible by a screen reader.',
+    },
+  },
+
+  create(context) {
+    const sourceCode = context.sourceCode || context.getSourceCode();
+    return {
+      GlimmerElementNode(node) {
+        // Only the native <a> element — in strict GJS, a lowercase tag can be
+        // shadowed by an in-scope local binding, and components shouldn't be
+        // validated here. `isNativeElement` combines authoritative html/svg/
+        // mathml tag lists with scope-shadowing detection.
+        if (!isNativeElement(node, sourceCode)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        if (node.tag?.toLowerCase() !== 'a') {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Only anchors acting as links (with href) are in scope. An <a> without
+        // href is covered by `template-link-href-attributes` / not a link.
+        const attrs = node.attributes || [];
+        const hasHref = attrs.some((a) => a.name === 'href');
+        if (!hasHref) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Skip anchors the author has explicitly hidden — either via the HTML
+        // `hidden` boolean attribute (element is not rendered at all) or
+        // `aria-hidden="true"` (element removed from the accessibility tree).
+        // In both cases, "accessible name of an anchor" is moot.
+        const hasHidden = attrs.some((a) => a.name === 'hidden');
+        if (hasHidden) {
+          return;
+        }
+        const ariaHiddenAttr = attrs.find((a) => a.name === 'aria-hidden');
+        if (isAriaHiddenTrue(ariaHiddenAttr)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (hasAccessibleNameAttribute(node)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const result = evaluateChildren(node.children || [], sourceCode);
+        if (result.accessible || result.dynamic) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        context.report({ node, messageId: 'anchorHasContent' });
+      },
+    };
+  },
+};

lib/utils/is-native-element.js

@@ -21,19 +21,17 @@ const ELEMENT_TAGS = new Set([...htmlTags, ...svgTags, ...mathmlTagNames]);
  * MathML spec registries, reached via the `html-tags` / `svg-tags` /
  * `mathml-tag-names` packages). It is NOT the same as:
  *
- *  - "native accessibility" / "widget-ness" — see `interactive-roles.js`
- *    (aria-query widget taxonomy; an ARIA-tree-semantics question)
- *  - "native interactive content" / "focus behavior" — see
- *    `html-interactive-content.js` (HTML §3.2.5.2.7; an HTML-content-model
- *    question about which tags can be nested inside what)
+ *  - "native accessibility" / "widget-ness" — an ARIA-tree-semantics
+ *    question (for example, whether something maps to a widget role)
+ *  - "native interactive content" / "focus behavior" — an HTML content-model
+ *    question about which elements are considered interactive in the spec
  *  - "natively focusable" / sequential-focus — see HTML §6.6.3
  *
  * This util answers only: "is this tag a first-class built-in element of one
  * of the three markup-language standards, rather than a component invocation
- * or a shadowed local binding?" Callers compose it with the other utils
- * above when they need a more specific question (see e.g. `template-no-
- * noninteractive-tabindex`, which consults both this and
- * `html-interactive-content`).
+ * or a shadowed local binding?" Callers should combine it with whatever
+ * accessibility, interactivity, or focusability checks they need for more
+ * specific questions.
  *
  * Returns false for:
  *  - components (PascalCase, dotted, @-prefixed, this.-prefixed, ::-namespaced —