diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index cffa0a7..def85bf 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ export interface CommonOutputApi {
   get pid(): number | undefined;
   get killed(): boolean;
   get exitCode(): number | undefined;
+  get signalCode(): string | null;
 }
 
 export interface OutputApi extends AsyncIterable<string>, CommonOutputApi {
@@ -149,6 +150,10 @@ export class ExecProcess implements Result {
     return undefined;
   }
 
+  public get signalCode(): string | null {
+    return this._process?.signalCode ?? null;
+  }
+
   public constructor(
     command: string,
     args?: readonly string[],
@@ -224,8 +229,8 @@ export class ExecProcess implements Result {
 
     if (
       this._options?.throwOnError &&
-      this.exitCode !== 0 &&
-      this.exitCode !== undefined
+      ((this.exitCode !== 0 && this.exitCode !== undefined) ||
+        this.signalCode != null)
     ) {
       throw new NonZeroExitError(this);
     }
@@ -265,8 +270,8 @@ export class ExecProcess implements Result {
 
     if (
       this._options.throwOnError &&
-      this.exitCode !== 0 &&
-      this.exitCode !== undefined
+      ((this.exitCode !== 0 && this.exitCode !== undefined) ||
+        this.signalCode != null)
     ) {
       throw new NonZeroExitError(this, result);
     }
@@ -406,7 +411,8 @@ export function xSync(
   const stdout = spawnResult.stdout?.toString() ?? '';
   const stderr = spawnResult.stderr?.toString() ?? '';
   const exitCode = spawnResult.status ?? undefined;
-  const killed = spawnResult.signal != null;
+  const signalCode = spawnResult.signal ?? null;
+  const killed = signalCode != null;
 
   const result: SyncResult = {
     stdout,
@@ -414,6 +420,9 @@ export function xSync(
     get exitCode() {
       return exitCode;
     },
+    get signalCode() {
+      return signalCode;
+    },
     get pid() {
       return spawnResult.pid;
     },
@@ -430,7 +439,10 @@ export function xSync(
     }
   };
 
-  if (opts.throwOnError && exitCode !== 0 && exitCode !== undefined) {
+  if (
+    opts.throwOnError &&
+    ((exitCode !== 0 && exitCode !== undefined) || signalCode != null)
+  ) {
     throw new NonZeroExitError(result, result);
   }
 
diff --git a/src/non-zero-exit-error.ts b/src/non-zero-exit-error.ts
index 6c0e900..03166e3 100644
--- a/src/non-zero-exit-error.ts
+++ b/src/non-zero-exit-error.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,18 @@ export class NonZeroExitError extends Error {
     return undefined;
   }
 
+  public get signalCode(): string | null {
+    return this.result.signalCode;
+  }
+
   public constructor(
     public readonly result: CommonOutputApi,
     public readonly output?: Output
   ) {
-    super(`Process exited with non-zero status (${result.exitCode})`);
+    super(
+      result.signalCode != null
+        ? `Process was killed with signal ${result.signalCode}`
+        : `Process exited with non-zero status (${result.exitCode})`
+    );
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/main_test.ts b/src/test/main_test.ts
index 2dfb581..4ca7e7b 100644
--- a/src/test/main_test.ts
+++ b/src/test/main_test.ts
@@ -81,6 +81,32 @@ describe('exec (async)', () => {
     expect(proc.exitCode).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  test('throws when throwOnError=true and process is killed by signal', async () => {
+    const proc = x(
+      'node',
+      ['-e', 'process.kill(process.pid, "SIGTERM")'],
+      {throwOnError: true}
+    );
+    const err = await proc.then(() => null).catch((e: unknown) => e);
+    expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(NonZeroExitError);
+    expect((err as NonZeroExitError).signalCode).toBe('SIGTERM');
+    expect(proc.exitCode).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(proc.signalCode).toBe('SIGTERM');
+  });
+
+  test('async iterator throws when throwOnError=true and process is killed by signal', async () => {
+    const proc = x(
+      'node',
+      ['-e', 'process.kill(process.pid, "SIGTERM")'],
+      {throwOnError: true}
+    );
+    await expect(async () => {
+      for await (const _line of proc) {
+        // consume iterator
+      }
+    }).rejects.toThrow(NonZeroExitError);
+  });
+
   test('supports stdin passed as a string', async () => {
     let result = await x('node', ['-e', 'process.stdin.pipe(process.stdout)'], {
       stdin: 'foo\nbar'
@@ -140,6 +166,14 @@ describe('exec (sync)', () => {
       xSync('node', ['-e', 'process.exit(1);'], {throwOnError: true});
     }).toThrow(NonZeroExitError);
   });
+
+  test('throws when throwOnError=true and process is killed by signal', () => {
+    expect(() => {
+      xSync('node', ['-e', 'process.kill(process.pid, "SIGTERM")'], {
+        throwOnError: true
+      });
+    }).toThrow(NonZeroExitError);
+  });
 });
 
 if (isWindows) {