diff --git a/build.sbt b/build.sbt
index de28a2f..9157699 100644
--- a/build.sbt
+++ b/build.sbt
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ ThisBuild / versionScheme := Some("early-semver")
 
 ThisBuild / githubWorkflowJavaVersions := Seq(JavaSpec.temurin("11"))
 
-val catsV = "2.9.0"
-val catsEffectV = "3.4.9"
-val catsCollectionV = "0.9.6"
+val catsV = "2.11.0"
+val catsEffectV = "3.6.0"
+val catsCollectionV = "0.9.9"
 
-val munitV = "1.0.0-M7"
-val munitCEV = "2.0.0-M3"
+val munitV = "1.0.0"
+val munitCEV = "2.0.0"
 
 lazy val mules = tlCrossRootProject
   .aggregate(core, caffeine, reload, noop, bench)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ lazy val caffeine = project
   .settings(
     name := "mules-caffeine",
     libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
-      "com.github.ben-manes.caffeine" % "caffeine" % "3.1.6"
+      "com.github.ben-manes.caffeine" % "caffeine" % "3.2.0"
     )
   )
   .settings(testDeps)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ lazy val testDeps = Seq(
   libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
     "org.typelevel" %%% "cats-effect-laws"  % catsEffectV % Test,
     "org.scalameta" %%% "munit"             % munitV      % Test,
-    "org.scalameta" %%% "munit-scalacheck"  % munitV      % Test,
+    "org.scalameta" %%% "munit-scalacheck"  % "1.0.0-M11" % Test,
     "org.typelevel" %%% "munit-cats-effect" % munitCEV    % Test
   )
 )
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/scala/io/chrisdavenport/mules/DispatchOneCache.scala b/modules/core/src/main/scala/io/chrisdavenport/mules/DispatchOneCache.scala
index ca9ff60..4b559a9 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/main/scala/io/chrisdavenport/mules/DispatchOneCache.scala
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/scala/io/chrisdavenport/mules/DispatchOneCache.scala
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import cats.implicits._
 
 import scala.collection.immutable.Map
 import cats.effect.std.MapRef
-import cats.effect.std.MapRef.fromSeqRefs
+import cats.data.NonEmptySeq
 
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
 import scala.collection.mutable
@@ -424,11 +424,20 @@ private[mules] object PurgeableMapRef {
     def purgeExpiredEntries(shards: List[Ref[F, Map[K, V]]])(now: Long) =
       shards.parFlatTraverse(SingleRef.purgeExpiredEntries(_, isExpired)(now))
 
-    shards.map { s =>
-      PurgeableMapRef(
-        fromSeqRefs(s),
-        purgeExpiredEntries(s)
-      )
+    shards.flatMap { s =>
+      NonEmptySeq.fromSeq(s) match {
+        case Some(nonEmptyShards) =>
+          Concurrent[F].pure(
+            PurgeableMapRef(
+              MapRef.fromNonEmptySeqRefs(nonEmptyShards),
+              purgeExpiredEntries(nonEmptyShards.toList)
+            )
+          )
+        case None =>
+          Concurrent[F].raiseError(
+            new IllegalArgumentException("shards must be non-empty")
+          )
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/project/plugins.sbt b/project/plugins.sbt
index 2f449e2..da4d65b 100644
--- a/project/plugins.sbt
+++ b/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-addSbtPlugin("pl.project13.scala" % "sbt-jmh"                       % "0.4.4")
+addSbtPlugin("pl.project13.scala" % "sbt-jmh"                       % "0.4.7")
 addSbtPlugin("org.typelevel"      % "sbt-typelevel"                 % "0.7.7")
 addSbtPlugin("org.typelevel"      % "sbt-typelevel-site"            % "0.7.7")
 addSbtPlugin("org.scala-js"       % "sbt-scalajs"                   % "1.18.2")
-addSbtPlugin("org.portable-scala" % "sbt-scalajs-crossproject"      % "1.3.0")
+addSbtPlugin("org.portable-scala" % "sbt-scalajs-crossproject"      % "1.3.2")
 addSbtPlugin("org.scala-native"   % "sbt-scala-native"              % "0.4.17")
-addSbtPlugin("org.portable-scala" % "sbt-scala-native-crossproject" % "1.3.0")
+addSbtPlugin("org.portable-scala" % "sbt-scala-native-crossproject" % "1.3.2")