This report summarizes the consistency between raters using metrics robust to unbalanced datasets.
Cohen's Kappa is unreliable for these benchmarks due to the Kappa Paradox. Because our data is heavily skewed towards one category (Passing/0), Kappa penalizes agreement on that majority class, leading to near-zero scores even when raters agree on 95%+ of items. Gwet's AC1 and PABAK provide a more accurate measure of reliability for this data.
| Benchmark | Raters | Tasks | % Agree | Gwet's AC1 | PABAK | Consensus Agreement (AC1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SciCode | 10 | 29 | 0.9686 | 0.9666 | 0.9372 | 0.9286 |
| ScienceAgentBench | 10 | 24 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
| CORE | 10 | 11 | 0.9818 | 0.9801 | 0.9636 | 0.9900 |
| ColBench | 51 | 1000 | 0.7255 | 0.5595 | 0.4511 | 0.9600 |
- % Agree: The raw percentage of identical verdicts.
- Gwet's AC1: The primary reliability metric. It adjusts for chance while remaining stable even if one category is very rare (like our Faults).
- PABAK: Prevalence-Adjusted Bias-Adjusted Kappa. A normalized version of Kappa that assumes a neutral distribution to eliminate bias.
- Consensus Agreement (AC1): Consistency between individual raters and their specific benchmark consensus.