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nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem: 99 vulnerabilities (highest severity is: 10.0) #40

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nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem: 99 vulnerabilities (highest severity is: 10.0)#40
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Description

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opened on Feb 8, 2025
Vulnerable Library - nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability Severity CVSS Exploit Maturity EPSS Dependency Type Fixed in (nexmo_rails version) Remediation Possible** Reachability
CVE-2022-30123 Critical 10.0 Not Defined 1.801% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-8165 Critical 9.8 Not Defined 45.732% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-45363 Critical 9.1 Not Defined 0.242% jwt-2.2.1.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
WS-2022-0089 High 8.8 Not Defined nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-3518 High 8.8 Not Defined 3.653% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-30560 High 8.8 Not Defined 21.623% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-3517 High 8.6 Not Defined 8.28% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-8161 High 8.6 Not Defined 3.593% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-29181 High 8.2 Not Defined 3.078% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23634 High 8.0 Not Defined 2.124% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
WS-2023-0224 High 7.5 Not Defined actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-54904 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.278% concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34829 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.369% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34785 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.387% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-33176 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.61% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-22860 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.665% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-61919 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.605% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-61772 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.868% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-61771 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.528% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-61770 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.868% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-59830 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.535% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-46727 High 7.5 Not Defined 0.911% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-27610 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.068% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-47887 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.048% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-41128 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.103% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-34459 High 7.5 Not Defined 2.298% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-27530 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.83% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-22796 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.712% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-22795 High 7.5 Not Defined 2.278% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-22792 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.695% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-44572 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.617% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-44571 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.503% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-44570 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.626% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-31163 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.786% tzinfo-1.2.5.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-30122 High 7.5 Not Defined 2.056% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-24836 High 7.5 Not Defined 3.549% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23517 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.454% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23516 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.104% loofah-2.3.1.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23514 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.686% loofah-2.3.1.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-41098 High 7.5 Not Defined 1.374% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-22904 High 7.5 Not Defined 4.808% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-22885 High 7.5 Not Defined 4.195% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-8184 High 7.5 Not Defined 2.938% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-8164 High 7.5 Not Defined 4.198% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2018-25032 High 7.5 Not Defined 52.063% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23633 High 7.4 Not Defined 2.226% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23519 High 7.2 Not Defined 0.988% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57235 Medium 6.5 Not Defined 0.331% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-25184 Medium 6.5 Not Defined 1.142% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-8167 Medium 6.5 Not Defined 1.485% actionview-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-23913 Medium 6.3 Not Defined 0.643% actionview-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57438 Medium 6.2 Not Defined 0.093% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-54133 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 1.009% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-53989 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.463% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-53988 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.435% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-53987 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.435% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-53986 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.462% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-53985 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.581% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-32209 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 29.316% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-27777 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 1.485% actionview-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23520 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 1.11% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23518 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.867% rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-23515 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 0.792% loofah-2.3.1.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2022-22577 Medium 6.1 Not Defined 1.594% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34830 Medium 5.9 Not Defined 0.209% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2021-3537 Medium 5.9 Not Defined 3.503% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-61780 Medium 5.8 Not Defined 0.434% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-26141 Medium 5.8 Not Defined 1.612% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-38037 Medium 5.5 Not Defined 0.258% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-33168 Medium 5.4 Not Defined 0.516% actionview-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-25500 Medium 5.4 Not Defined 0.224% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-15169 Medium 5.4 Not Defined 2.372% actionview-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57437 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.312% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57436 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.312% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57435 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.357% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57434 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.357% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57236 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.331% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-54905 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.106% concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34826 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.38% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34786 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.195% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34763 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.24% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34230 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.43% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-33169 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.498% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-27111 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.699% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-26146 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 1.996% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2024-25126 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 35.376% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-28120 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 0.923% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-27539 Medium 5.3 Not Defined 1.081% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-34831 Medium 4.8 Not Defined 0.147% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-33170 Medium 4.3 Not Defined 0.327% activesupport-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-8166 Medium 4.3 Not Defined 1.673% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-32441 Medium 4.2 Not Defined 0.201% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-54906 Medium 4.0 Not Defined 0.16% concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2023-28362 Medium 4.0 Not Defined 0.332% actionpack-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-5267 Medium 4.0 Not Defined 1.543% actionview-5.2.3.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-26961 Low 3.7 Not Defined 0.253% rack-2.0.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2025-6490 Low 3.3 Proof of concept 0.152% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2026-57234 Low 2.6 Not Defined 0.166% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌
CVE-2020-26247 Low 2.6 Not Defined 1.109% nokogiri-1.10.8.gem Transitive N/A* ❌

*For some transitive vulnerabilities, there is no version of direct dependency with a fix. Check the "Details" section below to see if there is a version of transitive dependency where vulnerability is fixed.

**In some cases, Remediation PR cannot be created automatically for a vulnerability despite the availability of remediation

Details

Partial details (13 vulnerabilities) are displayed below due to a content size limitation in GitHub. To view information on the remaining vulnerabilities, navigate to the Mend Application.

CVE-2022-30123

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.0.8.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Also see https://rack.github.io/.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.0.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/rack-2.0.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • ❌ rack-2.0.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A sequence injection vulnerability exists in Rack <2.0.9.1, <2.1.4.1 and <2.2.3.1 which could allow is a possible shell escape in the Lint and CommonLogger components of Rack.

Publish Date: 2022-12-05

URL: CVE-2022-30123

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 1.801%

CVSS 3 Score Details (10.0)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-wq4h-7r42-5hrr

Release Date: 2022-12-05

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.1,2.1.4.1,2.2.3.1

CVE-2020-8165

Vulnerable Library - activesupport-5.2.3.gem

A toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Rich support for multibyte strings, internationalization, time zones, and testing.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ activesupport-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A deserialization of untrusted data vulnernerability exists in rails < 5.2.4.3, rails < 6.0.3.1 that can allow an attacker to unmarshal user-provided objects in MemCacheStore and RedisCacheStore potentially resulting in an RCE.

Publish Date: 2020-06-19

URL: CVE-2020-8165

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 45.732%

CVSS 3 Score Details (9.8)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-2p68-f74v-9wc6

Release Date: 2020-06-19

Fix Resolution: activesupport - 5.2.4.3,activesupport - 6.0.3.1

CVE-2026-45363

Vulnerable Library - jwt-2.2.1.gem

A pure ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token (JWT) standard.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/jwt-2.2.1.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/jwt-2.2.1.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • ❌ jwt-2.2.1.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.

Publish Date: 2026-07-14

URL: CVE-2026-45363

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.242%

CVSS 3 Score Details (9.1)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: None

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2026-05-18

Fix Resolution: https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt.git - v3.2.0

WS-2022-0089

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Summary Nokogiri "v1.13.2" (https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/releases/tag/v1.13.2) upgrades two of its packaged dependencies: - vendored libxml2 from v2.9.12 to "v2.9.13" (https://download.gnome.org/sources/libxml2/2.9/libxml2-2.9.13.news) - vendored libxslt from v1.1.34 to "v1.1.35" (https://download.gnome.org/sources/libxslt/1.1/libxslt-1.1.35.news) Those library versions address the following upstream CVEs: - libxslt: "CVE-2021-30560" (https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30560) (CVSS 8.8, High severity) - libxml2: "CVE-2022-23308" (https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23308) (Unspecified severity, see more information below) Those library versions also address numerous other issues including performance improvements, regression fixes, and bug fixes, as well as memory leaks and other use-after-free issues that were not assigned CVEs. Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri "< 1.13.2", and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's "libxml2" and "libxslt" release announcements. Mitigation Upgrade to Nokogiri ">= 1.13.2". Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link an older version Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 ">= 2.9.13" and libxslt ">= 1.1.35", which will also address these same CVEs. Impact libxslt "CVE-2021-30560" (https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30560) - CVSS3 score: 8.8 (High) - Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/commit/50f9c9c All versions of libxslt prior to v1.1.35 are affected. Applications using untrusted XSL stylesheets to transform XML are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack and should be upgraded immediately. libxml2 "CVE-2022-23308" (https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23308) - As of the time this security advisory was published, there is no officially published information available about this CVE's severity. The above NIST link does not yet have a published record, and the libxml2 maintainer has declined to provide a severity score. - Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/652dd12 - Further explanation is at https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2022-February/msg00015.html The upstream commit and the explanation linked above indicate that an application may be vulnerable to a denial of service, memory disclosure, or code execution if it parses an untrusted document with parse options "DTDVALID" set to true, and "NOENT" set to false. An analysis of these parse options: - While "NOENT" is off by default for Document, DocumentFragment, Reader, and Schema parsing, it is on by default for XSLT (stylesheet) parsing in Nokogiri v1.12.0 and later. - "DTDVALID" is an option that Nokogiri does not set for any operations, and so this CVE applies only to applications setting this option explicitly. It seems reasonable to assume that any application explicitly setting the parse option "DTDVALID" when parsing untrusted documents is vulnerable and should be upgraded immediately.

Publish Date: 2026-05-28

URL: WS-2022-0089

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS:

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.8)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: Required
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-fq42-c5rg-92c2

Release Date: 2024-12-05

Fix Resolution: nokogiri - v1.13.2

CVE-2021-3518

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

There's a flaw in libxml2 in versions before 2.9.11. An attacker who is able to submit a crafted file to be processed by an application linked with libxml2 could trigger a use-after-free. The greatest impact from this flaw is to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Publish Date: 2021-05-18

URL: CVE-2021-3518

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 3.653%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.8)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: Required
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3518

Release Date: 2021-05-18

Fix Resolution: libxml2 - 2.9.12

CVE-2021-30560

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Use after free in Blink XSLT in Google Chrome prior to 91.0.4472.164 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.

Publish Date: 2021-08-03

URL: CVE-2021-30560

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 21.623%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.8)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: Required
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-30560

Release Date: 2021-08-03

Fix Resolution: v1.1.35,libxslt - 1.1.35

CVE-2021-3517

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

There is a flaw in the xml entity encoding functionality of libxml2 in versions before 2.9.11. An attacker who is able to supply a crafted file to be processed by an application linked with the affected functionality of libxml2 could trigger an out-of-bounds read. The most likely impact of this flaw is to application availability, with some potential impact to confidentiality and integrity if an attacker is able to use memory information to further exploit the application.

Publish Date: 2021-05-19

URL: CVE-2021-3517

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 8.28%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.6)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: Low
    • Integrity Impact: Low
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3517

Release Date: 2021-05-19

Fix Resolution: libxml2 - 2.9.12

CVE-2020-8161

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.0.8.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Also see https://rack.github.io/.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.0.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/rack-2.0.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • ❌ rack-2.0.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A directory traversal vulnerability exists in rack < 2.2.0 that allows an attacker perform directory traversal vulnerability in the Rack::Directory app that is bundled with Rack which could result in information disclosure.

Publish Date: 2020-07-02

URL: CVE-2020-8161

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 3.593%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.6)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: None
    • Availability Impact: None

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2020-07-02

Fix Resolution: 2.2.0,2.1.3

CVE-2022-29181

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for Ruby. Nokogiri prior to version 1.13.6 does not type-check all inputs into the XML and HTML4 SAX parsers, allowing specially crafted untrusted inputs to cause illegal memory access errors (segfault) or reads from unrelated memory. Version 1.13.6 contains a patch for this issue. As a workaround, ensure the untrusted input is a "String" by calling "#to_s" or equivalent.

Publish Date: 2022-05-20

URL: CVE-2022-29181

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 3.078%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.2)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: Low
    • Integrity Impact: None
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-29181

Release Date: 2022-05-20

Fix Resolution: nokogiri - 1.13.6

CVE-2022-23634

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. Prior to "puma" version "5.6.2", "puma" may not always call "close" on the response body. Rails, prior to version "7.0.2.2", depended on the response body being closed in order for its "CurrentAttributes" implementation to work correctly. The combination of these two behaviors (Puma not closing the body + Rails' Executor implementation) causes information leakage. This problem is fixed in Puma versions 5.6.2 and 4.3.11. This problem is fixed in Rails versions 7.02.2, 6.1.4.6, 6.0.4.6, and 5.2.6.2. Upgrading to a patched Rails or Puma version fixes the vulnerability.
Mend Note: The description of this vulnerability differs from MITRE.

Publish Date: 2022-02-11

URL: CVE-2022-23634

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 2.124%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.0)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: High
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: Required
    • Scope: Changed
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: None

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-rmj8-8hhh-gv5h

Release Date: 2022-02-11

Fix Resolution: puma - 4.3.11,puma - 5.6.2

WS-2023-0224

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

In actionpack prior to 6.1.5 there is a Possible DOS in app with crashing exceptions_app.

Publish Date: 2026-05-15

URL: WS-2023-0224

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS:

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: None
    • Integrity Impact: None
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://www.mend.io/vulnerability-database/WS-2023-0224

Release Date: 2026-05-15

Fix Resolution: actionpack - 6.1.5

CVE-2026-54904

Vulnerable Library - concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem

Modern concurrency tools including agents, futures, promises, thread pools, actors, supervisors, and more. Inspired by Erlang, Clojure, Go, JavaScript, actors, and classic concurrency patterns.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • activesupport-5.2.3.gem
              • ❌ concurrent-ruby-1.1.5.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

concurrent-ruby is a modern concurrency tools for Ruby. Prior to 1.3.7, Concurrent::AtomicReference#update can enter a permanent busy retry loop when the current value is Float::NAN. The issue is caused by the interaction between AtomicReference#update, which retries until compare_and_set(old_value, new_value) succeeds; Numeric compare_and_set, which checks old == old_value before attempting the underlying atomic swap.; and Ruby NaN semantics, where Float::NAN == Float::NAN is always false. As a result, once an AtomicReference contains Float::NAN, calling #update repeatedly evaluates the caller's block and never returns. In services that store externally derived numeric values in an AtomicReference, this can cause CPU exhaustion or permanent request/job hangs. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.3.7.

Publish Date: 2026-06-24

URL: CVE-2026-54904

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.278%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: None
    • Integrity Impact: None
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2026-06-19

Fix Resolution: https://github.com/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby.git - v1.3.7

CVE-2026-34829

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.0.8.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Also see https://rack.github.io/.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.0.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /tmp/containerbase/cache/.ruby/cache/rack-2.0.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

  • nexmo_rails-0.4.2.gem (Root Library)
    • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
      • railties-5.2.3.gem
        • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
          • ❌ rack-2.0.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 84d8c4c8d5cfac4705d302f9b44c063177f8ae86

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser only wraps the request body in a BoundedIO when CONTENT_LENGTH is present. When a multipart/form-data request is sent without a Content-Length header, such as with HTTP chunked transfer encoding, multipart parsing continues until end-of-stream with no total size limit. For file parts, the uploaded body is written directly to a temporary file on disk rather than being constrained by the buffered in-memory upload limit. An unauthenticated attacker can therefore stream an arbitrarily large multipart file upload and consume unbounded disk space. This results in a denial of service condition for Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.

Publish Date: 2026-04-02

URL: CVE-2026-34829

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.369%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

  • Exploitability Metrics:
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
  • Impact Metrics:
    • Confidentiality Impact: None
    • Integrity Impact: None
    • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-8vqr-qjwx-82mw

Release Date: 2026-04-02

Fix Resolution: rack - 3.1.21,rack - 3.2.6,rack - 2.2.23

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