diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index f76b34d..5b01bf4 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ ci:
 
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
-    rev: "1.18.0"
+    rev: "1.20.0"
     hooks:
       - id: blacken-docs
         additional_dependencies: [black==24.*]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: "v4.6.0"
+    rev: "v6.0.0"
     hooks:
       - id: check-added-large-files
       - id: check-case-conflict
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ repos:
         args: [--prose-wrap=always]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: "v0.6.3"
+    rev: "v0.15.21"
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
       - id: ruff-format
 
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-    rev: v2.3.0
+    rev: v2.4.2
     hooks:
       - id: codespell
         # Checks spelling in `docs/source` dirs ONLY
@@ -60,18 +60,18 @@ repos:
         args: ["--skip=*.ipynb,docs/_build"]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-    rev: "v0.10.0.1"
+    rev: "v0.11.0.1"
     hooks:
       - id: shellcheck
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: "v0.19"
+    rev: "v0.25"
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
         additional_dependencies: ["validate-pyproject-schema-store[all]"]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: "0.29.2"
+    rev: "0.37.4"
     hooks:
       - id: check-dependabot
       - id: check-github-workflows
diff --git a/docs/paper.md b/docs/paper.md
index 4b0b9d1..9261d20 100644
--- a/docs/paper.md
+++ b/docs/paper.md
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ training, snow-covered area map generation, AOI simplification, canopy-aware
 post-processing of snow-covered area (SCA) time series, and validation against
 airborne reference snow surveys. Sample data and a pre-trained model are
 provided to demonstrate the library's functions. PlanetSCA requires users to
-have an account with Planet Data Explorer (https://www.planet.com/explorer/)
-and an API key to utilize its search and download capabilities. Limited access
-to free PlanetScope images is available at
+have an account with Planet Data Explorer (https://www.planet.com/explorer/) and
+an API key to utilize its search and download capabilities. Limited access to
+free PlanetScope images is available at
 https://www.planet.com/industries/education-and-research/.
 
 # Statement of Need
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ A persistent challenge in satellite-based snow detection is the obstruction of
 the sensor's view by forest canopy, which can cause snow-covered pixels beneath
 dense tree cover to be systematically misclassified as snow-free. PlanetSCA
 addresses this through a `post_process` module that provides canopy-aware
-spatial infilling of SCA predictions using a canopy height model (CHM).
-Forested pixels classified as snow-free are reclassified as snow-covered when a
+spatial infilling of SCA predictions using a canopy height model (CHM). Forested
+pixels classified as snow-free are reclassified as snow-covered when a
 sufficient fraction of their open-area neighbors are snow-covered, with
 configurable kernel radius and threshold. The module further provides temporal
 median filtering applied independently to forested and open pixels, nodata
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ day-since-disappearance (DSD) dates for characterizing snowmelt timing. A
 complementary `validate` module supports quantitative evaluation of PlanetSCA
 predictions against Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) lidar-derived reference
 data, computing standard binary classification metrics (precision, recall,
-F1-score, accuracy, and Cohen's kappa) and producing a four-class
-snow-by-canopy validation raster for stratified assessment of model performance
-in forested versus open terrain.
+F1-score, accuracy, and Cohen's kappa) and producing a four-class snow-by-canopy
+validation raster for stratified assessment of model performance in forested
+versus open terrain.
 
 # Acknowledgements
 
diff --git a/src/planetsca/validate.py b/src/planetsca/validate.py
index a1ce27b..14b2084 100644
--- a/src/planetsca/validate.py
+++ b/src/planetsca/validate.py
@@ -508,15 +508,15 @@ def validation_tif_4class(
     )
     chm_binary = chm_tif.squeeze()
 
-    assert (
-        aso_binary.shape == chm_binary.shape
-    ), "ASO and CHM rasters must have the same shape"
-    assert (
-        aso_binary.rio.crs == chm_binary.rio.crs
-    ), "ASO and CHM rasters must have the same CRS"
-    assert (
-        aso_binary.rio.transform() == chm_binary.rio.transform()
-    ), "ASO and CHM rasters must have the same transform"
+    assert aso_binary.shape == chm_binary.shape, (
+        "ASO and CHM rasters must have the same shape"
+    )
+    assert aso_binary.rio.crs == chm_binary.rio.crs, (
+        "ASO and CHM rasters must have the same CRS"
+    )
+    assert aso_binary.rio.transform() == chm_binary.rio.transform(), (
+        "ASO and CHM rasters must have the same transform"
+    )
 
     combined = np.full(aso_binary.shape, np.nan, dtype=np.float32)
     combined[(aso_binary == 0) & (chm_binary == 1)] = 0