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| 1 | +%% LaTeX-Beamer template for KIT design |
| 2 | +%% by Erik Burger, Christian Hammer |
| 3 | +%% title picture by Klaus Krogmann |
| 4 | +%% |
| 5 | +%% version 2.1 |
| 6 | +%% |
| 7 | +%% mostly compatible to KIT corporate design v2.0 |
| 8 | +%% http://intranet.kit.edu/gestaltungsrichtlinien.php |
| 9 | +%% |
| 10 | +%% Problems, bugs and comments to |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +\documentclass[18pt]{beamer} |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +%% SLIDE FORMAT |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +% use 'beamerthemekit' for standard 4:3 ratio |
| 18 | +% for widescreen slides (16:9), use 'beamerthemekitwide' |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +\usepackage{templates/beamerthemekit} |
| 21 | +% \usepackage{templates/beamerthemekitwide} |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} |
| 24 | +\usepackage{hyperref} |
| 25 | +\usepackage{listings} |
| 26 | +\usepackage{color} |
| 27 | +\usepackage{xcolor} |
| 28 | +\usepackage{colortbl} |
| 29 | +\usepackage{array} |
| 30 | +%\usepackage{tikz} |
| 31 | +%\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.multipart,chains,arrows} |
| 32 | +\usepackage{amsmath} |
| 33 | +\usepackage{amssymb} |
| 34 | +\usepackage{mathrsfs} |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +\definecolor{lime}{HTML}{8FFF53} |
| 37 | +\definecolor{darkgrey}{HTML}{5A5A5A} |
| 38 | +\definecolor{awesome}{HTML}{FF2252} |
| 39 | +\definecolor{lightgreen}{HTML}{E0FF98} |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +\newcommand{\quotes}[1]{``#1''} |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +%% TITLE PICTURE |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +% if a custom picture is to be used on the title page, copy it into the 'logos' |
| 46 | +% directory, in the line below, replace 'mypicture' with the |
| 47 | +% filename (without extension) and uncomment the following line |
| 48 | +% (picture proportions: 63 : 20 for standard, 169 : 40 for wide |
| 49 | +% *.eps format if you use latex+dvips+ps2pdf, |
| 50 | +% *.jpg/*.png/*.pdf if you use pdflatex) |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +\titleimage{greendrop} |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +%% TITLE LOGO |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +% for a custom logo on the front page, copy your file into the 'logos' |
| 57 | +% directory, insert the filename in the line below and uncomment it |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +%\titlelogo{mylogo} |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +% (*.eps format if you use latex+dvips+ps2pdf, |
| 62 | +% *.jpg/*.png/*.pdf if you use pdflatex) |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +%% TikZ INTEGRATION |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +% use these packages for PCM symbols and UML classes |
| 67 | +% \usepackage{templates/tikzkit} |
| 68 | +% \usepackage{templates/tikzuml} |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | +% the presentation starts here |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +\title[Suchen, Sortieren, Parsen]{Programmieren:\\ Suchen, Sortieren, Parsen} |
| 73 | +\subtitle{Tutorium 30} |
| 74 | +\author{YouniS Bensalah} |
| 75 | +\date{January 22, 2016} |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +\institute{Chair for Software Design and Quality} |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +% Bibliography |
| 80 | + |
| 81 | +\usepackage[citestyle=authoryear,bibstyle=numeric,hyperref,backend=biber]{biblatex} |
| 82 | +\addbibresource{templates/example.bib} |
| 83 | +\bibhang1em |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +\begin{document} |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +% change the following line to "ngerman" for German style date and logos |
| 88 | +\selectlanguage{english} |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +%title page |
| 91 | +\begin{frame} |
| 92 | +\titlepage |
| 93 | +\end{frame} |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +%table of contents |
| 96 | +\begin{frame}{Heute} |
| 97 | +\tableofcontents |
| 98 | +\end{frame} |
| 99 | + |
| 100 | +\section{Organisatorisches} |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | +\begin{frame}{Organisatorisches} |
| 103 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 104 | + \item Bewertung Programmieren |
| 105 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 106 | + \item Der Übungsschein muss bestanden werden, um zu den Abschlussaufgaben zugelassen zu werden. |
| 107 | + \item Der Übungsschein geht jedoch \textbf{nicht} in die Note mit ein. |
| 108 | + \item Die Note wird einzig durch das Abschneiden in den Abschlussaufgaben gebildet. |
| 109 | + \end{itemize} |
| 110 | + \vspace{.3in} |
| 111 | + \item Anmeldung Übungsschein und Abschlussaufgabe |
| 112 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 113 | + \item Es kann sein, dass es damit zurzeit Probleme gibt. |
| 114 | + \item \textit{Keep calm and retry later.} |
| 115 | + \end{itemize} |
| 116 | + \end{itemize} |
| 117 | +\end{frame} |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +\section{Suchen} |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +\begin{frame}{Suchen} |
| 122 | + \center |
| 123 | + \Huge{Suchen} |
| 124 | +\end{frame} |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +\begin{frame}{Suchen} |
| 127 | + \begin{block}{} |
| 128 | + \textbf{Problem:}\\ |
| 129 | + \textit{\quotes{Wie finde ich ein bestimmtes Element in einer Liste ?}} |
| 130 | + \end{block} |
| 131 | + \vspace{.2in} |
| 132 | + \begin{center} |
| 133 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 134 | + \hline |
| 135 | + 4 & 2 & 3 & 9 & 7 & 13 & 6 & 10 \\ |
| 136 | + \hline |
| 137 | + \end{tabular} |
| 138 | + \end{center} |
| 139 | +\end{frame} |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +\subsection{Lineare Suche} |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +\begin{frame}{Lineare Suche} |
| 144 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 145 | + \item Erster (naiver) Ansatz: \textbf{Lineare Suche} |
| 146 | + \item Idee: Ein Element nach dem anderen anschauen und vergleichen. |
| 147 | + \end{itemize} |
| 148 | +\end{frame} |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Lineare Suche: Java-Code} |
| 151 | + \begin{exampleblock}{} |
| 152 | + \begin{lstlisting}[language=Java,basicstyle=\scriptsize] |
| 153 | +int linearSearch(int needle, int[] haystack) { |
| 154 | + for (int i = 0; i < haystack.length; i++) { |
| 155 | + if (haystack[i] == needle) { |
| 156 | + return i; |
| 157 | + } |
| 158 | + } |
| 159 | + return -1; |
| 160 | +} |
| 161 | + \end{lstlisting} |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | + \end{exampleblock} |
| 164 | + |
| 165 | +\end{frame} |
| 166 | + |
| 167 | +\begin{frame}{Lineare Suche} |
| 168 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 169 | + \item Laufzeit: $\mathcal{O}(n)$ |
| 170 | + \item Für beliebige Listen geht es nicht wirklich besser. |
| 171 | + \end{itemize} |
| 172 | +\end{frame} |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +\subsection{Binäre Suche} |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | +\begin{frame}{Rätsel} |
| 177 | + \small |
| 178 | + Es wurde ein neuer Info-Bau an der Uni errichtet. Das neue Gebäude besitzt ganze 256 Stockwerke. |
| 179 | + Die Informatiker sind zunächst begeistert, doch schon bald gibt es ein Problem:\\ |
| 180 | + Da bekanntlich alle Informatiker Keller gewohnt sind, können sie die Gefahr von offenen Fenstern nicht einschätzen und fallen gelegentlich hinaus.\\ |
| 181 | + Daraufhin sollten zunächst alle Fenster des Gebäudes verriegeln werden, doch man hat festgestellt, dass einige Informatiker den Sturz munter überstanden haben.\\ |
| 182 | + Nun geht man davon aus, dass es ein Stockwerk $n$ gibt, ab dem die Fenster keine Gefahr mehr darstellen. Zu diesem Zweck sollen nun Tests durchgeführt werden, |
| 183 | + bei denen man jeweils einen Informatiker aus dem Fenster springen lässt und beobachtet, ob der Sturz munter überstanden wurde. |
| 184 | + Da die Informatiker aber lieber die Anzahl der Tests als die Anzahl der unglücklichen Landungen minimieren wollen, kommt eine lineare Suche (Stockwert 1, Stockwerk 2, \dots) nicht in Frage.\\ |
| 185 | + \vspace{.2in} |
| 186 | + Wieviele \quotes{Testfälle} braucht man im ungünstigsten Fall ? |
| 187 | +\end{frame} |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | +\begin{frame}{Lösung} |
| 190 | + \begin{block}{} |
| 191 | + $log_2(256) = log_2(2^8) = 8$ |
| 192 | + \end{block} |
| 193 | + \pause |
| 194 | + \vspace{.4in} |
| 195 | + \textit{\dots Aber warum ?} |
| 196 | +\end{frame} |
| 197 | + |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | +\begin{frame}{Binäre Suche} |
| 200 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 201 | + \item Ansatz: Suche auf einer vorsortierten Liste. |
| 202 | + \item Idee: Teile die Liste in zwei Hälften und entscheide, in welcher der beiden Teillisten das gesuchte Element liegt und verwerfe die andere.\\ |
| 203 | + Dann wiederhole den Vorgang auf der übrigen Liste. |
| 204 | + \end{itemize} |
| 205 | +\end{frame} |
| 206 | + |
| 207 | +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Binäre Suche: Java-Code} |
| 208 | + \begin{exampleblock}{} |
| 209 | + \begin{lstlisting}[language=Java,basicstyle=\scriptsize] |
| 210 | +int binarySearch(int needle, int[] haystack, int from, int to) { |
| 211 | + if (to > from) { |
| 212 | + int mid = (from + to) / 2; |
| 213 | + if (needle < haystack[mid]) { |
| 214 | + return search(needle, haystack, from, mid - 1); |
| 215 | + } else if (needle > haystack[mid]) { |
| 216 | + return search(needle, haystack, mid + 1, to); |
| 217 | + } else { |
| 218 | + return mid; |
| 219 | + } |
| 220 | + } |
| 221 | + return -1; |
| 222 | +} |
| 223 | + \end{lstlisting} |
| 224 | + \end{exampleblock} |
| 225 | +\end{frame} |
| 226 | + |
| 227 | +\begin{frame}{Binäre Suche: Beispiel} |
| 228 | + Suche: \textbf{\alert{8}} |
| 229 | + \begin{center} |
| 230 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 231 | + \hline |
| 232 | + \cellcolor{lightgreen}{3} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{4} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{4} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{5} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{6} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{7} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{8} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{10} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{11} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{14} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{17} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{22} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{24} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{29} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{32} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{42} \\ |
| 233 | + \hline |
| 234 | + \end{tabular} |
| 235 | + \pause |
| 236 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 237 | + \hline |
| 238 | + \cellcolor{lightgreen}{3} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{4} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{4} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{5} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{6} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{7} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{8} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{10} & \cellcolor{lime}{11} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{14} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{17} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{22} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{24} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{29} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{32} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{42} \\ |
| 239 | + \hline |
| 240 | + \end{tabular} |
| 241 | + \pause |
| 242 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 243 | + \hline |
| 244 | + \cellcolor{darkgrey}{3} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{lime}{5} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{6} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{7} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{8} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{10} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{11} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{14} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{17} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{22} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{24} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{29} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{32} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{42} \\ |
| 245 | + \hline |
| 246 | + \end{tabular} |
| 247 | + \pause |
| 248 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 249 | + \hline |
| 250 | + \cellcolor{darkgrey}{3} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{5} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{6} & \cellcolor{lime}{7} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{8} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{10} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{11} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{14} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{17} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{22} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{24} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{29} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{32} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{42} \\ |
| 251 | + \hline |
| 252 | + \end{tabular} |
| 253 | + \pause |
| 254 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 255 | + \hline |
| 256 | + \cellcolor{darkgrey}{3} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{5} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{6} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{7} & \cellcolor{lime}{8} & \cellcolor{lightgreen}{10} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{11} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{14} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{17} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{22} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{24} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{29} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{32} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{42} \\ |
| 257 | + \hline |
| 258 | + \end{tabular} |
| 259 | + \pause |
| 260 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 261 | + \hline |
| 262 | + \cellcolor{darkgrey}{3} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{4} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{5} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{6} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{7} & \cellcolor{awesome}{8} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{10} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{11} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{14} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{17} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{22} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{24} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{29} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{32} & \cellcolor{darkgrey}{42} \\ |
| 263 | + \hline |
| 264 | + \end{tabular} |
| 265 | + \end{center} |
| 266 | +\end{frame} |
| 267 | + |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | +\begin{frame}{Binäre Suche} |
| 270 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 271 | + \item Laufzeit: $\mathcal{O}(log(n))$ |
| 272 | + \item Die Liste muss \textbf{sortiert} sein. |
| 273 | + \end{itemize} |
| 274 | +\end{frame} |
| 275 | + |
| 276 | +\section{Sortieren} |
| 277 | + |
| 278 | +\begin{frame}{Sortieren} |
| 279 | + \center |
| 280 | + \Huge{Sortieren} |
| 281 | +\end{frame} |
| 282 | + |
| 283 | +\begin{frame}{Sortieren} |
| 284 | + \begin{block}{} |
| 285 | + \textbf{Problem:}\\ |
| 286 | + \textit{\quotes{Wie sortiere ich eine gegebene Liste ?}} |
| 287 | + \end{block} |
| 288 | + \vspace{.2in} |
| 289 | + \begin{center} |
| 290 | + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} |
| 291 | + \hline |
| 292 | + 4 & 2 & 3 & 9 & 7 & 13 & 6 & 10 \\ |
| 293 | + \hline |
| 294 | + \end{tabular} |
| 295 | + \end{center} |
| 296 | +\end{frame} |
| 297 | + |
| 298 | +\subsection{Bubble Sort} |
| 299 | + |
| 300 | +\begin{frame}{Bubble Sort} |
| 301 | + \begin{itemize} |
| 302 | + \item Ansatz: Vertausche zwei unsortierte benachbarte Elemente, solange bis die Liste sortiert ist. |
| 303 | + \end{itemize} |
| 304 | + \vspace{.2in} |
| 305 | + \begin{figure} |
| 306 | + \includegraphics[scale=.5]{img/BubbleSort.jpg} |
| 307 | + \end{figure} |
| 308 | +\end{frame} |
| 309 | + |
| 310 | +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Bubble Sort: Java-Code} |
| 311 | + \begin{exampleblock}{} |
| 312 | + \begin{lstlisting}[language=Java,basicstyle=\scriptsize] |
| 313 | +void bubbleSort(int[] list) { |
| 314 | + int swap; |
| 315 | + for (int i = 1; i < list.length; i++) { |
| 316 | + for (int j = i; j > 0; j--) { |
| 317 | + if (list[j] < list[j - 1]) { |
| 318 | + swap = list[j]; |
| 319 | + list[j] = list[j - 1]; |
| 320 | + list[j - 1] = swap; |
| 321 | + } |
| 322 | + } |
| 323 | + } |
| 324 | +} |
| 325 | + \end{lstlisting} |
| 326 | + \end{exampleblock} |
| 327 | +\end{frame} |
| 328 | + |
| 329 | +\subsection{Selection Sort} |
| 330 | + |
| 331 | +\begin{frame}{Selection Sort} |
| 332 | + body |
| 333 | +\end{frame} |
| 334 | + |
| 335 | +\subsection{Insertion Sort} |
| 336 | + |
| 337 | +\begin{frame}{Insertion Sort} |
| 338 | + body |
| 339 | +\end{frame} |
| 340 | + |
| 341 | +\subsection{Merge Sort} |
| 342 | + |
| 343 | +\begin{frame}{Merge Sort} |
| 344 | + body |
| 345 | +\end{frame} |
| 346 | + |
| 347 | +\section{Parsen} |
| 348 | + |
| 349 | +\begin{frame}{Parsen} |
| 350 | + \center |
| 351 | + \Huge{Parsen} |
| 352 | +\end{frame} |
| 353 | + |
| 354 | +\begin{frame}{Parsen} |
| 355 | + body |
| 356 | +\end{frame} |
| 357 | + |
| 358 | +\subsection{Formale Grammatiken} |
| 359 | + |
| 360 | +\begin{frame}{Formale Grammatiken} |
| 361 | + body |
| 362 | +\end{frame} |
| 363 | + |
| 364 | +\subsection{Top-down Parsing} |
| 365 | + |
| 366 | +\begin{frame}{Top-down Parsing} |
| 367 | + body |
| 368 | +\end{frame} |
| 369 | + |
| 370 | +\subsubsection{LL(1)-Parser} |
| 371 | + |
| 372 | +\begin{frame}{LL(1)-Parser} |
| 373 | + body |
| 374 | +\end{frame} |
| 375 | + |
| 376 | +\appendix |
| 377 | +\beginbackup |
| 378 | + |
| 379 | +\begin{frame}{Fragen ?} |
| 380 | + \begin{figure} |
| 381 | + \includegraphics[scale=.5]{img/formulas.png} |
| 382 | + \end{figure} |
| 383 | +\end{frame} |
| 384 | + |
| 385 | +\begin{frame}{Stack Sort} |
| 386 | + \url{https://gkoberger.github.io/stacksort} |
| 387 | +\end{frame} |
| 388 | + |
| 389 | +\begin{frame}{Bis nächste Woche !} |
| 390 | + \begin{figure} |
| 391 | + \includegraphics[scale=.3]{img/ineffective_sorts.png} |
| 392 | + \end{figure} |
| 393 | +\end{frame} |
| 394 | + |
| 395 | +\backupend |
| 396 | + |
| 397 | +\end{document} |
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