diff --git a/lib/internal/fs/cp/cp.js b/lib/internal/fs/cp/cp.js
index 10c52b11463445..5d5e547fb6a1bc 100644
--- a/lib/internal/fs/cp/cp.js
+++ b/lib/internal/fs/cp/cp.js
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ const {
   SafePromiseAll,
   StringPrototypeSplit,
 } = primordials;
+const { Buffer } = require('buffer');
+const { isUint8Array } = require('internal/util/types');
 const {
   codes: {
     ERR_FS_CP_DIR_TO_NON_DIR,
@@ -56,6 +58,18 @@ const {
 } = require('path');
 const fsBinding = internalBinding('fs');
 
+// The path module functions used in this file (resolve, dirname, join, etc.)
+// only accept strings. Convert Buffer paths to strings here so that the async
+// cp behaves consistently with the synchronous version, which accepts both
+// string and Buffer paths via its C++ binding.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/58869
+function toPathString(path) {
+  if (isUint8Array(path)) {
+    return Buffer.from(path).toString();
+  }
+  return path;
+}
+
 async function cpFn(src, dest, opts) {
   // Warn about using preserveTimestamps on 32-bit node
   if (opts.preserveTimestamps && process.arch === 'ia32') {
@@ -63,6 +77,8 @@ async function cpFn(src, dest, opts) {
       'node is not recommended';
     process.emitWarning(warning, 'TimestampPrecisionWarning');
   }
+  src = toPathString(src);
+  dest = toPathString(dest);
   const stats = await checkPaths(src, dest, opts);
   const { srcStat, destStat, skipped } = stats;
   if (skipped) return;
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-fs-cp-buffer-path.js b/test/parallel/test-fs-cp-buffer-path.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..82f20eb5478a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-fs-cp-buffer-path.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// This tests that fs.cp, fs.promises.cp, and fs.cpSync all accept Buffer
+// paths for `src` and `dest` (matching the documented `string | Buffer | URL`
+// type). Prior to the fix for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/58869,
+// the async variants threw `ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE` because the internal
+// implementation called `path.resolve` on a Buffer, while the sync variant
+// already accepted Buffer paths via the C++ binding.
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const path = require('node:path');
+const { Buffer } = require('node:buffer');
+const { pathToFileURL } = require('node:url');
+const tmpdir = require('../common/tmpdir');
+
+tmpdir.refresh();
+
+let counter = 0;
+function makePaths(prefix) {
+  const id = `${prefix}-${process.pid}-${++counter}`;
+  return {
+    src: tmpdir.resolve(`${id}-src.txt`),
+    dest: tmpdir.resolve(`${id}-dest.txt`),
+  };
+}
+
+function writeSrc(srcPath) {
+  fs.writeFileSync(srcPath, 'cp-buffer-path');
+}
+
+function assertCopied(srcPath, destPath) {
+  assert.strictEqual(
+    fs.readFileSync(destPath, 'utf8'),
+    fs.readFileSync(srcPath, 'utf8'),
+  );
+}
+
+(async () => {
+  // 1. fs.promises.cp() accepts Buffer src and Buffer dest. This used to
+  //    throw ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE.
+  {
+    const { src, dest } = makePaths('promises-buf');
+    writeSrc(src);
+    await fs.promises.cp(Buffer.from(src), Buffer.from(dest));
+    assertCopied(src, dest);
+  }
+
+  // 2. Mixed forms: Buffer src + string dest, and string src + Buffer dest.
+  {
+    const { src, dest } = makePaths('promises-mixed1');
+    writeSrc(src);
+    await fs.promises.cp(Buffer.from(src), dest);
+    assertCopied(src, dest);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const { src, dest } = makePaths('promises-mixed2');
+    writeSrc(src);
+    await fs.promises.cp(src, Buffer.from(dest));
+    assertCopied(src, dest);
+  }
+
+  // 3. fs.cpSync() continues to accept Buffer src and Buffer dest (the
+  //    existing documented behavior); guard against regressions there too.
+  {
+    const { src, dest } = makePaths('sync-buf');
+    writeSrc(src);
+    fs.cpSync(Buffer.from(src), Buffer.from(dest));
+    assertCopied(src, dest);
+  }
+
+  // 4. URL paths still work for the async variants.
+  {
+    const { src, dest } = makePaths('promises-url');
+    writeSrc(src);
+    await fs.promises.cp(pathToFileURL(src), pathToFileURL(dest));
+    assertCopied(src, dest);
+  }
+
+  // 5. Recursive directory copy with Buffer paths via fs.promises.cp.
+  {
+    const id = `dir-${process.pid}-${++counter}`;
+    const srcDir = tmpdir.resolve(`${id}-src`);
+    const destDir = tmpdir.resolve(`${id}-dest`);
+    fs.mkdirSync(srcDir, { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(srcDir, 'a.txt'), 'a');
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(srcDir, 'b.txt'), 'b');
+    await fs.promises.cp(Buffer.from(srcDir), Buffer.from(destDir),
+                         { recursive: true });
+    assert.strictEqual(fs.readFileSync(path.join(destDir, 'a.txt'), 'utf8'), 'a');
+    assert.strictEqual(fs.readFileSync(path.join(destDir, 'b.txt'), 'utf8'), 'b');
+  }
+
+  // 6. fs.cp() (callback) accepts Buffer src and Buffer dest. Since fs.cp is
+  //    a callbackified version of fs.promises.cp, this exercises the same fix.
+  {
+    const { src, dest } = makePaths('cb-buf');
+    writeSrc(src);
+    fs.cp(Buffer.from(src), Buffer.from(dest), common.mustSucceed(() => {
+      assertCopied(src, dest);
+    }));
+  }
+})().then(common.mustCall());