test_runner: avoid reading process state directly in run()

Refs: #53867

The run() function is exposed as a public API via node:test module.
Previously, it accessed process.argv, process.execArgv, process.cwd(),
and process.env directly, which meant programmatic API users could not
fully control the test runner behavior.

This change:
- Captures process.argv, process.cwd(), process.env, and
  process.execArgv in the CLI entry point (main/test_runner.js) and
  passes them explicitly to run() as options
- Adds a processExecArgv option for V8 flag propagation
- Replaces process.env fallback in runTestFile() with opts.env
- Replaces process.argv usage in getRunArgs() with globPatterns
- Replaces process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT check with env option
- Maintains backwards compatibility: when options are not provided,
  run() falls back to process state as before

Author: murataslan1

lib/internal/main/test_runner.js

@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ if (isUsingInspector() && options.isolation === 'process') {
   options.inspectPort = process.debugPort;
 }
 
+// Capture process state explicitly so run() does not need to access it.
 options.globPatterns = ArrayPrototypeSlice(process.argv, 1);
+options.cwd = process.cwd();
+options.env = process.env;
+options.processExecArgv = process.execArgv;
 
 debug('test runner configuration:', options);
 run(options).on('test:summary', (data) => {

lib/internal/test_runner/runner.js

@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ function getRunArgs(path, { forceExit,
                             only,
                             argv: suppliedArgs,
                             execArgv,
+                            processExecArgv,
+                            globPatterns,
                             rerunFailuresFilePath,
                             root: { timeout },
                             cwd }) {
@@ -183,7 +185,7 @@ function getRunArgs(path, { forceExit,
    */
   const nodeOptionsSet = new SafeSet(processNodeOptions);
   const unknownProcessExecArgv = ArrayPrototypeFilter(
-    process.execArgv,
+    processExecArgv,
     (arg) => !nodeOptionsSet.has(arg),
   );
   ArrayPrototypePushApply(runArgs, unknownProcessExecArgv);
@@ -214,7 +216,9 @@ function getRunArgs(path, { forceExit,
 
   if (path === kIsolatedProcessName) {
     ArrayPrototypePush(runArgs, '--test');
-    ArrayPrototypePushApply(runArgs, ArrayPrototypeSlice(process.argv, 1));
+    if (globPatterns != null) {
+      ArrayPrototypePushApply(runArgs, globPatterns);
+    }
   } else {
     ArrayPrototypePush(runArgs, path);
   }
@@ -421,7 +425,7 @@ function runTestFile(path, filesWatcher, opts) {
   const subtest = opts.root.createSubtest(FileTest, testPath, testOpts, async (t) => {
     const args = getRunArgs(path, opts);
     const stdio = ['pipe', 'pipe', 'pipe'];
-    const env = { __proto__: null, NODE_TEST_CONTEXT: 'child-v8', ...(opts.env || process.env) };
+    const env = { __proto__: null, NODE_TEST_CONTEXT: 'child-v8', ...opts.env };
 
     // Acquire a worker ID from the pool for process isolation mode
     let workerId;
@@ -648,11 +652,26 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     functionCoverage = 0,
     execArgv = [],
     argv = [],
-    cwd = process.cwd(),
+    cwd,
+    processExecArgv,
     rerunFailuresFilePath,
     env,
   } = options;
 
+  // Default to process state when not explicitly provided, maintaining
+  // backwards compatibility for public API users while allowing the
+  // internal CLI entry point to pass these values explicitly.
+  const userProvidedEnv = env !== undefined;
+  if (cwd === undefined) {
+    cwd = process.cwd();
+  }
+  if (env === undefined) {
+    env = process.env;
+  }
+  if (processExecArgv === undefined) {
+    processExecArgv = process.execArgv;
+  }
+
   if (files != null) {
     validateArray(files, 'options.files');
   }
@@ -759,7 +778,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     validatePath(globalSetupPath, 'options.globalSetupPath');
   }
 
-  if (env != null) {
+  if (userProvidedEnv) {
     validateObject(env);
 
     if (isolation === 'none') {
@@ -830,13 +849,14 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     isolation,
     argv,
     execArgv,
+    processExecArgv,
     rerunFailuresFilePath,
     env,
     workerIdPool: isolation === 'process' ? workerIdPool : null,
   };
 
   if (isolation === 'process') {
-    if (process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT !== undefined) {
+    if (env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT !== undefined) {
       process.emitWarning('node:test run() is being called recursively within a test file. skipping running files.');
       root.postRun();
       return root.reporter;