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doc(validator): validator documentation
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‎doc/api/cli.md‎

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Disable the experimental [`node:sqlite`][] module.
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### `--no-experimental-validator`
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<!-- YAML
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added: REPLACEME
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-->
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Disable the experimental [`node:validator`][] module.
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### `--no-experimental-websocket`
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<!-- YAML
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* `--no-experimental-repl-await`
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* `--no-experimental-sqlite`
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* `--no-experimental-strip-types`
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* `--no-experimental-validator`
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* `--no-experimental-websocket`
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* `--no-experimental-webstorage`
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* `--no-extra-info-on-fatal-exception`
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[`node:ffi`]: ffi.md
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[`node:sqlite`]: sqlite.md
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[`node:stream/iter`]: stream_iter.md
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[`node:validator`]: validator.md
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[`process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()`]: process.md#processsetuncaughtexceptioncapturecallbackfn
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[`tls.DEFAULT_MAX_VERSION`]: tls.md#tlsdefault_max_version
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[`tls.DEFAULT_MIN_VERSION`]: tls.md#tlsdefault_min_version

‎doc/api/errors.md‎

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An attempt was made to use something that was already closed.
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<a id="ERR_VALIDATOR_INVALID_SCHEMA"></a>
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### `ERR_VALIDATOR_INVALID_SCHEMA`
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<!-- YAML
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added: REPLACEME
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-->
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Thrown by the [`node:validator`][] [`Schema`][] constructor when the schema
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definition is malformed — for example, an unknown `type`, a constraint that
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does not apply to the declared type, an invalid regular expression in
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`pattern`, or a `required` entry not listed in `properties`.
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<a id="ERR_VALID_PERFORMANCE_ENTRY_TYPE"></a>
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### `ERR_VALID_PERFORMANCE_ENTRY_TYPE`
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[`new URL(input)`]: url.md#new-urlinput-base
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[`new URLPattern(input)`]: url.md#new-urlpatternstring-baseurl-options
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[`new URLSearchParams(iterable)`]: url.md#new-urlsearchparamsiterable
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[`node:validator`]: validator.md
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[`package.json`]: packages.md#nodejs-packagejson-field-definitions
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[`postMessage()`]: worker_threads.md#portpostmessagevalue-transferlist
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[`postMessageToThread()`]: worker_threads.md#worker_threadspostmessagetothreadthreadid-value-transferlist-timeout
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[`readable._read()`]: stream.md#readable_readsize
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[`require('node:crypto').setEngine()`]: crypto.md#cryptosetengineengine-flags
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[`require()`]: modules.md#requireid
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[`Schema`]: validator.md#class-schema
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[`server.close()`]: net.md#serverclosecallback
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[`server.listen()`]: net.md#serverlisten
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[`sign.sign()`]: crypto.md#signsignprivatekey-outputencoding

‎doc/api/index.md‎

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* [URL](url.md)
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* [Utilities](util.md)
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* [V8](v8.md)
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* [Validator](validator.md)
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* [VM](vm.md)
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* [WASI](wasi.md)
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* [Web Crypto API](webcrypto.md)

‎doc/api/validator.md‎

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# Validator
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<!--introduced_in=vREPLACEME-->
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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> Stability: 1.0 - Early development
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> This feature is experimental and may change at any time. To disable it,
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> start Node.js with [`--no-experimental-validator`][].
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<!-- source_link=lib/validator.js -->
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The `node:validator` module provides a schema-based object validator for
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simple REST API input validation. It supports basic type checking, property
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constraints, required fields, and nested schemas.
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To access it:
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```mjs
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import { Schema } from 'node:validator';
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```
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```cjs
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const { Schema } = require('node:validator');
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```
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This module is only available under the `node:` scheme.
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The following example shows the basic usage of the `node:validator` module
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to validate a user object.
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```mjs
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import { Schema } from 'node:validator';
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const userSchema = new Schema({
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type: 'object',
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required: ['name', 'email'],
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properties: {
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name: { type: 'string', minLength: 1, maxLength: 100 },
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email: { type: 'string', pattern: '^[^@]+@[^@]+$' },
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age: { type: 'integer', minimum: 0, maximum: 150 },
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tags: { type: 'array', items: { type: 'string' }, maxItems: 10 },
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},
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});
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const result = userSchema.validate({
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name: 'Alice',
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email: '[email protected]',
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age: 30,
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tags: ['admin'],
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});
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console.log(result.valid); // true
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console.log(result.errors); // []
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```
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```cjs
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'use strict';
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const { Schema } = require('node:validator');
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const userSchema = new Schema({
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type: 'object',
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required: ['name', 'email'],
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properties: {
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name: { type: 'string', minLength: 1, maxLength: 100 },
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email: { type: 'string', pattern: '^[^@]+@[^@]+$' },
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age: { type: 'integer', minimum: 0, maximum: 150 },
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tags: { type: 'array', items: { type: 'string' }, maxItems: 10 },
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},
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});
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const result = userSchema.validate({
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name: 'Alice',
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email: '[email protected]',
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age: 30,
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tags: ['admin'],
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});
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console.log(result.valid); // true
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console.log(result.errors); // []
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```
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## Validation error codes
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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The following error codes are returned in the `code` field of validation
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error objects. They are also available as properties of the `codes` export.
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| Code | Description |
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| ---- | ----------- |
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| `INVALID_TYPE` | Value type does not match the declared type |
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| `MISSING_REQUIRED` | A required property is missing |
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| `STRING_TOO_SHORT` | String is shorter than `minLength` |
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| `STRING_TOO_LONG` | String is longer than `maxLength` |
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| `PATTERN_MISMATCH` | String does not match the `pattern` regex |
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| `ENUM_MISMATCH` | Value is not one of the allowed `enum` values |
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| `NUMBER_TOO_SMALL` | Number is below `minimum` or `exclusiveMinimum` |
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| `NUMBER_TOO_LARGE` | Number is above `maximum` or `exclusiveMaximum` |
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| `NUMBER_NOT_MULTIPLE` | Number is not a multiple of `multipleOf` |
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| `NOT_INTEGER` | Value is not an integer when `type` is `'integer'` |
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| `ARRAY_TOO_SHORT` | Array has fewer items than `minItems` |
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| `ARRAY_TOO_LONG` | Array has more items than `maxItems` |
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| `ADDITIONAL_PROPERTY` | Object has a property not listed in `properties` when `additionalProperties` is `false` |
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Compare the `code` field of a validation error against the `codes` export
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instead of hard-coding string literals:
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```cjs
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const { Schema, codes } = require('node:validator');
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const schema = new Schema({ type: 'number', minimum: 0 });
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const result = schema.validate(-1);
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if (!result.valid && result.errors[0].code === codes.NUMBER_TOO_SMALL) {
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// Handle the below-minimum case.
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}
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```
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## Class: `Schema`
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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### `new Schema(definition)`
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-->
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* `definition` {Object} A schema definition object.
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Creates a new `Schema` instance. The schema definition is validated and
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compiled at construction time. [`ERR_VALIDATOR_INVALID_SCHEMA`][] is thrown
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if the definition is invalid.
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The `definition` object must have a `type` property set to one of the
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supported types: `'string'`, `'number'`, `'integer'`, `'boolean'`,
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`'object'`, `'array'`, or `'null'`.
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#### Schema definition properties
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The following properties are supported depending on the schema type.
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##### All types
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* `type` {string} **Required.** One of `'string'`, `'number'`, `'integer'`,
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`'boolean'`, `'object'`, `'array'`, `'null'`.
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* `default` {any} Default value to apply when using
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[`schema.applyDefaults()`][].
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##### Type: `'string'`
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* `minLength` {number} Minimum string length (inclusive). Must be a
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non-negative integer.
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* `maxLength` {number} Maximum string length (inclusive). Must be a
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non-negative integer.
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* `pattern` {string} A regular expression pattern the string must match.
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* `enum` {Array} An array of allowed values.
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##### Type: `'number'`
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* `minimum` {number} Minimum value (inclusive).
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* `maximum` {number} Maximum value (inclusive).
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* `exclusiveMinimum` {number} Minimum value (exclusive).
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* `exclusiveMaximum` {number} Maximum value (exclusive).
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* `multipleOf` {number} The value must be a multiple of this number. Must be
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greater than 0.
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##### Type: `'integer'`
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Same constraints as `'number'`. Additionally, the value must be an integer.
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##### Type: `'array'`
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* `items` {Object} A schema definition for array elements.
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* `minItems` {number} Minimum array length (inclusive). Must be a
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non-negative integer.
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* `maxItems` {number} Maximum array length (inclusive). Must be a
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non-negative integer.
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##### Type: `'object'`
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* `properties` {Object} A map of property names to schema definitions.
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* `required` {string\[]} An array of required property names. Each name must
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be defined in `properties`.
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* `additionalProperties` {boolean} Whether properties not listed in
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`properties` are allowed. **Default:** `true`.
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### `schema.validate(data)`
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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* `data` {any} The value to validate.
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* Returns: {ValidationResult}
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Validates the given data against the schema. Returns a frozen object with
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`valid` and `errors` properties. Validation never throws; all validation
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failures are returned in the `errors` array.
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```cjs
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const { Schema } = require('node:validator');
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const schema = new Schema({ type: 'string', minLength: 1 });
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const good = schema.validate('hello');
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console.log(good.valid); // true
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const bad = schema.validate('');
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console.log(bad.valid); // false
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console.log(bad.errors[0].code); // 'STRING_TOO_SHORT'
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```
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### `schema.applyDefaults(data)`
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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* `data` {any} The data object to apply defaults to.
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* Returns: {Object} A new object with defaults applied.
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Returns a new object with default values applied for missing or `undefined`
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properties. The input data is not mutated. Defaults are applied recursively
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for nested object schemas.
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```cjs
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const { Schema } = require('node:validator');
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const schema = new Schema({
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type: 'object',
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properties: {
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host: { type: 'string', default: 'localhost' },
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port: { type: 'integer', default: 3000 },
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},
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});
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const config = schema.applyDefaults({});
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console.log(config.host); // 'localhost'
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console.log(config.port); // 3000
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```
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### `schema.toJSON()`
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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* Returns: {Object} A frozen copy of the original schema definition.
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Returns the original schema definition as a frozen plain object. This is
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useful for composing schemas — pass the result as a sub-schema definition
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in another schema:
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```cjs
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const { Schema } = require('node:validator');
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const addressSchema = new Schema({
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type: 'object',
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properties: {
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street: { type: 'string' },
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city: { type: 'string' },
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},
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});
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const userSchema = new Schema({
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type: 'object',
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properties: {
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name: { type: 'string' },
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address: addressSchema.toJSON(),
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},
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});
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```
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### Static method: `Schema.validate(definition, data)`
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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* `definition` {Object} A schema definition object.
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* `data` {any} The value to validate.
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* Returns: {ValidationResult}
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Convenience method that creates a `Schema` and validates in one call.
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Equivalent to `new Schema(definition).validate(data)`. The definition is
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compiled on every invocation; when validating repeatedly against the same
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schema, reuse a single `new Schema()` instance instead.
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```cjs
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const { Schema } = require('node:validator');
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const result = Schema.validate({ type: 'number', minimum: 0 }, 42);
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console.log(result.valid); // true
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```
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## Type: `ValidationResult`
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<!-- YAML
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-->
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The object returned by [`schema.validate()`][]. It is a frozen plain object
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with the following properties:
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* `valid` {boolean} `true` if the data matches the schema.
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* `errors` {Object\[]} A frozen array of error objects. Empty when `valid`
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is `true`. Each error object has the following properties:
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* `path` {string} The path to the invalid value using dot notation for
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object properties and bracket notation for array indices. The root
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path is an empty string.
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* `message` {string} A human-readable error description.
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* `code` {string} A machine-readable error code from the
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[validation error codes][] table.
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[`--no-experimental-validator`]: cli.md#--no-experimental-validator
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[`ERR_VALIDATOR_INVALID_SCHEMA`]: errors.md#err_validator_invalid_schema
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[`schema.applyDefaults()`]: #schemaapplydefaultsdata
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[`schema.validate()`]: #schemavalidatedata
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[validation error codes]: #validation-error-codes

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