src: add WDAC integration (Windows)

Add calls to Windows Defender Application Control
to enforce integrity of .js, .json, .node files.

Author: rdw-msft

doc/api/code_integrity.md

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Code Integrity
+
+<!--introduced_in=v24.0.0-->
+
+<!-- type=misc -->
+
+> Stability: 1.1 - Active development
+
+Code integrity refers to the assurance that software code has not been
+altered or tampered with in any unauthorized way. It ensures that
+the code running on a system is exactly what was intended by the developers.
+
+Code integrity in Node.js integrates with platform features for code integrity
+policy enforcement. See platform speficic sections below for more information.
+
+The Node.js threat model considers the code that the runtime executes to be
+trusted. As such, this feature is an additional safety belt, not a strict
+security boundary.
+
+If you find a potential security vulnerability, please refer to our
+[Security Policy][].
+
+## Code Integrity on Windows
+
+Code integrity is an opt-in feature that leverages Window Defender Application Control
+to verify the code executing conforms to system policy and has not been modified since
+signing time.
+
+There are three audiences that are involved when using Node.js in an
+environment enforcing code integrity: the application developers,
+those administrating the system enforcing code integrity, and
+the end user. The following sections describe how each audience
+can interact with code integrity enforcement.
+
+### Windows Code Integrity and Application Developers
+
+Windows Defender Application Control uses digital signatures to verify
+a file's integrity. Application developers are responsible for generating and
+distributing the signature information for their Node.js application.
+Application developers are also expected to design their application
+in robust ways to avoid unintended code execution. This includes
+use of `eval` and loading modules outside of standard methods.
+
+Signature information for files which Node.js is intended to execute
+can be stored in a catalog file. Application developers can generate
+a Windows catalog file to store the hash of all files Node.js
+is expected to execute.
+
+A catalog can be generated using the `New-FileCatalog` Powershell
+cmdlet. For example
+
+```powershell
+New-FileCatalog -Version 2 -CatalogFilePath MyApplicationCatalog.cat -Path \my\application\path\
+```
+
+The `Path` argument should point to the root folder containing your application's code. If
+your application's code is fully contained in one file, `Path` can point to that single file.
+
+Be sure that the catalog is generated using the final version of the files that you intend to ship
+(i.e. after minifying).
+
+The application developer should then sign the generated catalog with their Code Signing certificate
+to ensure the catalog is not tampered with between distribution and execution.
+
+This can be done with the [Set-AuthenticodeSignature commandlet](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/set-authenticodesignature).
+
+### Windows Code Integrity and System Administrators
+
+This section is intended for system administrators who want to enable Node.js
+code integrity features in their environments.
+
+This section assumes familiarity with managing WDAC polcies.
+Official documentation for WDAC can be found [here](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/).
+
+Code integrity enforcement on Windows has two toggleable settings:
+`EnforceCodeIntegrity` and `DisableInteractiveMode`. These settings are configured
+by WDAC policy.
+
+`EnforceCodeIntegrity` causes Node.js to call WldpCanExecuteFile whenever a module is loaded using `require`.
+WldpCanExecuteFile verifies that the file's integrity has not been tampered with from signing time.
+The system administrator should sign and install the application's file catalog where the application
+is running, per WDAC guidance.
+
+`DisableInteractiveMode` prevents Node.js from being run in interactive mode, and also disables the `-e` and `--eval`
+command line options.
+
+#### Enabling Code Integrity Enforcement
+
+On newer Windows versions (22H2+), the preferred method of configuring application settings is done using
+`AppSettings` in your WDAC Policy.
+
+```text
+<AppSettings>
+  <App Manifest="wdac-manifest.xml">
+    <Setting Name="EnforceCodeIntegrity" >
+      <Value>True</Value>
+    </Setting>
+    <Setting Name="DisableInteractiveMode" >
+      <Value>True</Value>
+    </Setting>
+  </App>
+</AppSettings>
+```
+
+On older Windows versions, use the `Settings` section of your WDAC Policy.
+
+```text
+<Settings>
+  <Setting Provider="Node.js" Key="Settings" ValueName="EnforceCodeIntegrity">
+    <Value>
+      <Boolean>true</Boolean>
+    </Value>
+  </Setting>
+  <Setting Provider="Node.js" Key="Settings" ValueName="DisableInteractiveMode">
+    <Value>
+      <Boolean>true</Boolean>
+    </Value>
+  </Setting>
+</Settings>
+```
+
+## Code Integrity on Linux
+
+Code integrity on Linux is not yet implemented. Plans for implementation will
+be made once the necessary APIs on Linux have been upstreamed. More information
+can be found here: <https://github.com/nodejs/security-wg/issues/1388>
+
+## Code Integrity on MacOS
+
+Code integrity on MacOS is not yet implemented. Currently, there is no
+timeline for implementation.
+
+[Security Policy]: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/SECURITY.md

doc/api/errors.md

@@ -789,6 +789,22 @@ changes:
 There was an attempt to use a `MessagePort` instance in a closed
 state, usually after `.close()` has been called.
 
+<a id="ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_BLOCKED"></a>
+
+### `ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_BLOCKED`
+
+> Stability: 1.1 - Active development
+
+Feature has been disabled due to OS Code Integrity policy.
+
+<a id="ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION"></a>
+
+### `ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION`
+
+> Stability: 1.1 - Active development
+
+JavaScript code intended to be executed was rejected by system code integrity policy.
+
 <a id="ERR_CONSOLE_WRITABLE_STREAM"></a>
 
 ### `ERR_CONSOLE_WRITABLE_STREAM`

doc/api/index.md

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 * [C++ embedder API](embedding.md)
 * [Child processes](child_process.md)
 * [Cluster](cluster.md)
+* [Code integrity](code_integrity.md)
 * [Command-line options](cli.md)
 * [Console](console.md)
 * [Corepack](corepack.md)

doc/api/wdac-manifest.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<!-- Manifest for WDAC integration on Windows. See docs/api/code_integrity.md for
+more information regarding WDAC and code integrity -->
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<AppManifest Id="NodeJS" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:windows-defender-application-control">
+  <SettingDefinition Name="EnforceCodeIntegrity" Type="Boolean" IgnoreAuditPolicies="false"/>
+  <SettingDefinition Name="DisableInterpretiveMode" Type="Boolean" IgnoreAuditPolicies="false"/>
+</AppManifest>

lib/internal/code_integrity.js

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Code integrity is a security feature which prevents unsigned
+// code from executing. More information can be found in the docs
+// doc/api/code_integrity.md
+
+'use strict';
+
+const { emitWarning } = require('internal/process/warning');
+const { isWindows } = require('internal/util');
+
+let isCodeIntegrityEnforced;
+let alreadyQueriedSystemCodeEnforcmentMode = false;
+
+// Binding stub for non-Windows platforms
+let binding = {
+  isFileTrustedBySystemCodeIntegrityPolicy: () => true,
+  isInteractiveModeDisabledInternal: () => false,
+  isSystemEnforcingCodeIntegrity: () => false,
+};
+// Load the actual binding if on Windows
+if (isWindows) {
+  binding = internalBinding('code_integrity');
+}
+
+const {
+  isFileTrustedBySystemCodeIntegrityPolicy,
+  isInteractiveModeDisabledInternal,
+  isSystemEnforcingCodeIntegrity,
+} = binding;
+
+function isAllowedToExecuteFile(filepath) {
+  // At the moment code integrity is only implemented on Windows
+  if (!isWindows) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!alreadyQueriedSystemCodeEnforcmentMode) {
+    isCodeIntegrityEnforced = isSystemEnforcingCodeIntegrity();
+
+    if (isCodeIntegrityEnforced) {
+      emitWarning(
+        'Code integrity is being enforced by system policy.' +
+      '\nCode integrity is an experimental feature.' +
+      ' See docs for more info.',
+        'ExperimentalWarning');
+    }
+
+    alreadyQueriedSystemCodeEnforcmentMode = true;
+  }
+
+  if (!isCodeIntegrityEnforced) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return isFileTrustedBySystemCodeIntegrityPolicy(filepath);
+}
+
+function isInteractiveModeDisabled() {
+  if (!isWindows) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return isInteractiveModeDisabledInternal();
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  isAllowedToExecuteFile,
+  isFileTrustedBySystemCodeIntegrityPolicy,
+  isInteractiveModeDisabled,
+  isSystemEnforcingCodeIntegrity,
+};

lib/internal/errors.js

@@ -1144,6 +1144,10 @@ E('ERR_CHILD_PROCESS_IPC_REQUIRED',
   Error);
 E('ERR_CHILD_PROCESS_STDIO_MAXBUFFER', '%s maxBuffer length exceeded',
   RangeError);
+E('ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_BLOCKED',
+  'The feature "%s" is blocked by OS Code Integrity policy', Error);
+E('ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION',
+  'The file %s did not pass OS Code Integrity validation', Error);
 E('ERR_CONSOLE_WRITABLE_STREAM',
   'Console expects a writable stream instance for %s', TypeError);
 E('ERR_CONTEXT_NOT_INITIALIZED', 'context used is not initialized', Error);

lib/internal/main/eval_string.js

@@ -23,6 +23,17 @@ const {
 const { addBuiltinLibsToObject } = require('internal/modules/helpers');
 const { getOptionValue } = require('internal/options');
 
+const {
+  codes: {
+    ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_BLOCKED,
+  },
+} = require('internal/errors');
+
+const ci = require('internal/code_integrity');
+if (ci.isInteractiveModeDisabled()) {
+  throw new ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_BLOCKED('"eval"');
+}
+
 prepareMainThreadExecution();
 addBuiltinLibsToObject(globalThis, '<eval>');
 markBootstrapComplete();

lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js

@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ const {
 
 const {
   codes: {
+    ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION,
     ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE,
     ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE,
     ERR_INVALID_MODULE_SPECIFIER,
@@ -216,6 +217,8 @@ const onRequire = getLazy(() => tracingChannel('module.require'));
 
 const relativeResolveCache = { __proto__: null };
 
+const ci = require('internal/code_integrity');
+
 let requireDepth = 0;
 let isPreloading = false;
 let statCache = null;
@@ -1217,6 +1220,11 @@ Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
   // For backwards compatibility, if the request itself starts with node:, load it before checking
   // Module._cache. Otherwise, load it after the check.
   if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(request, 'node:')) {
+
+    const isAllowedToExecute = ci.isAllowedToExecuteFile(filename);
+    if (!isAllowedToExecute) {
+      throw new ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION(filename);
+    }
     const result = loadBuiltinWithHooks(filename, url, format);
     if (result) {
       return result;
@@ -1247,6 +1255,11 @@ Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
     cachedModule[kModuleCircularVisited] = true;
   }
 
+  const isAllowedToExecute = ci.isAllowedToExecuteFile(filename);
+  if (!isAllowedToExecute) {
+    throw new ERR_CODE_INTEGRITY_VIOLATION(filename);
+  }
+
   if (BuiltinModule.canBeRequiredWithoutScheme(filename)) {
     const result = loadBuiltinWithHooks(filename, url, format);
     if (result) {
@@ -1878,6 +1891,7 @@ function getRequireESMError(mod, pkg, content, filename) {
  * @param {string} filename The file path of the module
  */
 Module._extensions['.js'] = function(module, filename) {
+
   let format, pkg;
   if (StringPrototypeEndsWith(filename, '.cjs')) {
     format = 'commonjs';
@@ -1897,6 +1911,7 @@ Module._extensions['.js'] = function(module, filename) {
     throw err;
   }
   module._compile(source, filename, loadedFormat);
+
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1905,6 +1920,7 @@ Module._extensions['.js'] = function(module, filename) {
  * @param {string} filename The file path of the module
  */
 Module._extensions['.json'] = function(module, filename) {
+
   const { source: content } = loadSource(module, filename, 'json');
 
   try {
@@ -1921,6 +1937,7 @@ Module._extensions['.json'] = function(module, filename) {
  * @param {string} filename The file path of the module
  */
 Module._extensions['.node'] = function(module, filename) {
+
   // Be aware this doesn't use `content`
   return process.dlopen(module, path.toNamespacedPath(filename));
 };

node.gyp

@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@
       'src/node_blob.h',
       'src/node_buffer.h',
       'src/node_builtins.h',
+      'src/node_code_integrity.h',
       'src/node_config_file.h',
       'src/node_constants.h',
       'src/node_context_data.h',
@@ -449,6 +450,14 @@
       }, {
         'use_openssl_def%': 0,
       }],
+      # Only compile node_code_integrity on Windows
+      [ 'OS=="win"', {
+        'node_sources': [
+          '<(node_sources)',
+          'src/node_code_integrity.cc',
+          'src/node_code_integrity.h',
+        ],
+      }],
     ],
   },
 

src/node_binding.cc

@@ -99,13 +99,20 @@
   V(worker)                                                                    \
   V(zlib)
 
+#define NODE_BUILTIN_OS_SPECIFIC_BINDINGS(V)
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define NODE_BUILTIN_OS_SPECIFIC_BINDINGS(V) V(code_integrity)
+#endif
+
 #define NODE_BUILTIN_BINDINGS(V)                                               \
   NODE_BUILTIN_STANDARD_BINDINGS(V)                                            \
   NODE_BUILTIN_OPENSSL_BINDINGS(V)                                             \
   NODE_BUILTIN_ICU_BINDINGS(V)                                                 \
   NODE_BUILTIN_PROFILER_BINDINGS(V)                                            \
   NODE_BUILTIN_DEBUG_BINDINGS(V)                                               \
-  NODE_BUILTIN_QUIC_BINDINGS(V)
+  NODE_BUILTIN_QUIC_BINDINGS(V)                                                \
+  NODE_BUILTIN_OS_SPECIFIC_BINDINGS(V)
 
 // This is used to load built-in bindings. Instead of using
 // __attribute__((constructor)), we call the _register_<modname>