Improve base entity

Author: ivan-borovets

src/app/domain/entities/base.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from abc import ABC
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any, TypeVar
 
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 @dataclass(eq=False)
-class Entity[T: ValueObject](ABC):
+class Entity[T: ValueObject]:
     """
     raises DomainError
 
@@ -22,6 +21,21 @@ class Entity[T: ValueObject](ABC):
 
     id_: T
 
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        """
+        :raises DomainError:
+
+        Hook for additional initialization and ensuring invariants.
+        Subclasses can override this method to implement custom logic, while
+        still calling `super().__post_init__()` to preserve base checks.
+        """
+        self.__forbid_base_class_instantiation()
+
+    def __forbid_base_class_instantiation(self) -> None:
+        """:raises DomainError:"""
+        if type(self) is Entity:
+            raise DomainError("Base Entity cannot be instantiated directly.")
+
     def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
         """
         :raises DomainError:

tests/app/unit/domain/entities/test_base.py

@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
 import pytest
 
+from app.domain.entities.base import Entity
 from app.domain.exceptions.base import DomainError
 from tests.app.unit.factories.named_entity import (
     create_named_entity,
     create_named_entity_id,
     create_named_entity_subclass,
 )
 from tests.app.unit.factories.tagged_entity import create_tagged_entity
+from tests.app.unit.factories.value_objects import create_single_field_vo
+
+
+def test_cannot_init() -> None:
+    vo = create_single_field_vo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(DomainError):
+        Entity(id_=vo)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(