Add support for configuring npm version in Node devcontainers #2933

Job	Run time
detect-changes	6s
test-scenarios (node)	18m 31s
test (node, ubuntu:focal)	47s
test (node, ubuntu:jammy)	45s
test (node, mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:debian)	46s
test (node, mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:noble)	36s
test (node, debian:11)	46s
test (node, debian:12)	42s
test (node, mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:ubuntu)	43s
	23m 42s

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