diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/acp/agent.ts b/packages/opencode/src/acp/agent.ts
index af16cba114fe..8bbc2427fc1b 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/acp/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/acp/agent.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ import { LoadAPIKeyError } from "ai"
 import type { AssistantMessage, Event, OpencodeClient, SessionMessageResponse, ToolPart } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 import { applyPatch } from "diff"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 
 type ModeOption = { id: string; name: string; description?: string }
 type ModelOption = { modelId: string; name: string }
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
   private sessionManager: ACPSessionManager
   private eventAbort = new AbortController()
   private eventStarted = false
-  private bashSnapshots = new Map<string, string>()
+  private shellSnapshots = new Map<string, string>()
   private toolStarts = new Set<string>()
   private permissionQueues = new Map<string, Promise<void>>()
   private permissionOptions: PermissionOption[] = [
@@ -283,16 +284,16 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
           switch (part.state.status) {
             case "pending":
-              this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+              this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
               return
 
             case "running":
-              const output = this.bashOutput(part)
+              const output = this.shellOutput(part)
               const content: ToolCallContent[] = []
               if (output) {
                 const hash = Hash.fast(output)
-                if (part.tool === "bash") {
-                  if (this.bashSnapshots.get(part.callID) === hash) {
+                if (part.tool === ShellID.ToolID) {
+                  if (this.shellSnapshots.get(part.callID) === hash) {
                     await this.connection
                       .sessionUpdate({
                         sessionId,
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
                       })
                     return
                   }
-                  this.bashSnapshots.set(part.callID, hash)
+                  this.shellSnapshots.set(part.callID, hash)
                 }
                 content.push({
                   type: "content",
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
             case "completed": {
               this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-              this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+              this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
               const kind = toToolKind(part.tool)
               const content: ToolCallContent[] = [
                 {
@@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
             }
             case "error":
               this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-              this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+              this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
               await this.connection
                 .sessionUpdate({
                   sessionId,
@@ -837,10 +838,10 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
         await this.toolStart(sessionId, part)
         switch (part.state.status) {
           case "pending":
-            this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+            this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
             break
           case "running":
-            const output = this.bashOutput(part)
+            const output = this.shellOutput(part)
             const runningContent: ToolCallContent[] = []
             if (output) {
               runningContent.push({
@@ -871,7 +872,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
             break
           case "completed":
             this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-            this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+            this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
             const kind = toToolKind(part.tool)
             const content: ToolCallContent[] = [
               {
@@ -951,7 +952,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
             break
           case "error":
             this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-            this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+            this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
             await this.connection
               .sessionUpdate({
                 sessionId,
@@ -1105,8 +1106,8 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
     }
   }
 
-  private bashOutput(part: ToolPart) {
-    if (part.tool !== "bash") return
+  private shellOutput(part: ToolPart) {
+    if (part.tool !== ShellID.ToolID) return
     if (!("metadata" in part.state) || !part.state.metadata || typeof part.state.metadata !== "object") return
     const output = part.state.metadata["output"]
     if (typeof output !== "string") return
@@ -1549,9 +1550,11 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
 function toToolKind(toolName: string): ToolKind {
   const tool = toolName.toLocaleLowerCase()
+
   switch (tool) {
-    case "bash":
+    case ShellID.ToolID:
       return "execute"
+
     case "webfetch":
       return "fetch"
 
@@ -1576,6 +1579,7 @@ function toToolKind(toolName: string): ToolKind {
 
 function toLocations(toolName: string, input: Record<string, any>): { path: string }[] {
   const tool = toolName.toLocaleLowerCase()
+
   switch (tool) {
     case "read":
     case "edit":
@@ -1584,7 +1588,7 @@ function toLocations(toolName: string, input: Record<string, any>): { path: stri
     case "glob":
     case "grep":
       return input["path"] ? [{ path: input["path"] }] : []
-    case "bash":
+    case ShellID.ToolID:
       return []
     default:
       return []
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/github.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/github.ts
index 106d48466208..a75dc31634ea 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/github.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/github.ts
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ export const GithubRunCommand = cmd({
       function subscribeSessionEvents() {
         const TOOL: Record<string, [string, string]> = {
           todowrite: ["Todo", UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD],
-          bash: ["Bash", UI.Style.TEXT_DANGER_BOLD],
+          bash: ["Shell", UI.Style.TEXT_DANGER_BOLD],
           edit: ["Edit", UI.Style.TEXT_SUCCESS_BOLD],
           glob: ["Glob", UI.Style.TEXT_INFO_BOLD],
           grep: ["Grep", UI.Style.TEXT_INFO_BOLD],
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
index c94e9620386d..f73ca67175b7 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ import { WriteTool } from "../../tool/write"
 import { WebSearchTool } from "../../tool/websearch"
 import { TaskTool } from "../../tool/task"
 import { SkillTool } from "../../tool/skill"
-import { BashTool } from "../../tool/bash"
+import { ShellTool } from "../../tool/shell"
+import { ShellID } from "../../tool/shell/id"
 import { TodoWriteTool } from "../../tool/todo"
 import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ function skill(info: ToolProps<typeof SkillTool>) {
   })
 }
 
-function bash(info: ToolProps<typeof BashTool>) {
+function shell(info: ToolProps<typeof ShellTool>) {
   const output = info.part.state.status === "completed" ? info.part.state.output?.trim() : undefined
   block(
     {
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ export const RunCommand = cmd({
     async function execute(sdk: OpencodeClient) {
       function tool(part: ToolPart) {
         try {
-          if (part.tool === "bash") return bash(props<typeof BashTool>(part))
+          if (part.tool === ShellID.ToolID) return shell(props<typeof ShellTool>(part))
           if (part.tool === "glob") return glob(props<typeof GlobTool>(part))
           if (part.tool === "grep") return grep(props<typeof GrepTool>(part))
           if (part.tool === "read") return read(props<typeof ReadTool>(part))
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
index 8855338d1d4b..d43edd2dd5d7 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import type { Tool } from "@/tool/tool"
 import type { ReadTool } from "@/tool/read"
 import type { WriteTool } from "@/tool/write"
-import { BashTool } from "@/tool/bash"
+import { ShellTool } from "@/tool/shell"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 import type { GlobTool } from "@/tool/glob"
 import { TodoWriteTool } from "@/tool/todo"
 import type { GrepTool } from "@/tool/grep"
@@ -1552,8 +1553,8 @@ function ToolPart(props: { last: boolean; part: ToolPart; message: AssistantMess
   return (
     <Show when={!shouldHide()}>
       <Switch>
-        <Match when={props.part.tool === "bash"}>
-          <Bash {...toolprops} />
+        <Match when={props.part.tool === ShellID.ToolID}>
+          <Shell {...toolprops} />
         </Match>
         <Match when={props.part.tool === "glob"}>
           <Glob {...toolprops} />
@@ -1784,7 +1785,7 @@ function BlockTool(props: {
   )
 }
 
-function Bash(props: ToolProps<typeof BashTool>) {
+function Shell(props: ToolProps<typeof ShellTool>) {
   const { theme } = useTheme()
   const sync = useSync()
   const isRunning = createMemo(() => props.part.state.status === "running")
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/permission.tsx b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/permission.tsx
index 720a05ff7e16..e7e4c7cea303 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/permission.tsx
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/permission.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { LANGUAGE_EXTENSIONS } from "@/lsp/language"
 import { Keybind } from "@/util/keybind"
 import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 import { useDialog } from "../../ui/dialog"
 import { getScrollAcceleration } from "../../util/scroll"
 import { useTuiConfig } from "../../context/tui-config"
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ export function PermissionPrompt(props: { request: PermissionRequest }) {
               }
             }
 
-            if (permission === "bash") {
+            if (permission === ShellID.ToolID) {
               const title =
                 typeof data.description === "string" && data.description ? data.description : "Shell command"
               const command = typeof data.command === "string" ? data.command : ""
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts b/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
index 80c47d3ceda0..9f1420388e2e 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { SessionStatus } from "./status"
 import { LLM } from "./llm"
 import { Shell } from "@/shell/shell"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
 import { Truncate } from "@/tool/truncate"
 import { decodeDataUrl } from "@/util/data-url"
@@ -789,7 +790,7 @@ NOTE: At any point in time through this workflow you should feel free to ask the
               id: PartID.ascending(),
               messageID: msg.id,
               sessionID: input.sessionID,
-              tool: "bash",
+              tool: ShellID.ToolID,
               callID: ulid(),
               state: {
                 status: "running",
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts b/packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts
index ebe3bb530cde..a4eb31acc747 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { PlanExitTool } from "./plan"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import { QuestionTool } from "./question"
-import { BashTool } from "./bash"
+import { ShellTool } from "./shell"
 import { EditTool } from "./edit"
 import { GlobTool } from "./glob"
 import { GrepTool } from "./grep"
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
     const plan = yield* PlanExitTool
     const webfetch = yield* WebFetchTool
     const websearch = yield* WebSearchTool
-    const bash = yield* BashTool
+    const shell = yield* ShellTool
     const globtool = yield* GlobTool
     const writetool = yield* WriteTool
     const edit = yield* EditTool
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
 
         const tool = yield* Effect.all({
           invalid: Tool.init(invalid),
-          bash: Tool.init(bash),
+          shell: Tool.init(shell),
           read: Tool.init(read),
           glob: Tool.init(globtool),
           grep: Tool.init(greptool),
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
           builtin: [
             tool.invalid,
             ...(questionEnabled ? [tool.question] : []),
-            tool.bash,
+            tool.shell,
             tool.read,
             tool.glob,
             tool.grep,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/bash.ts b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts
similarity index 81%
rename from packages/opencode/src/tool/bash.ts
rename to packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts
index bf0008250592..bb2e4e58df13 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/bash.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { PositiveInt } from "@/util/schema"
+import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import os from "os"
 import { createWriteStream } from "node:fs"
 import * as Tool from "./tool"
 import path from "path"
-import DESCRIPTION from "./bash.txt"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { containsPath, type InstanceContext } from "../project/instance-context"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
 import { lazy } from "@/util/lazy"
 import { Language, type Node } from "web-tree-sitter"
 
@@ -14,20 +13,21 @@ import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
 import { fileURLToPath } from "url"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
-import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import { Shell } from "@/shell/shell"
+import { ShellID } from "./shell/id"
 
-import { BashArity } from "@/permission/arity"
 import * as Truncate from "./truncate"
 import { Plugin } from "@/plugin"
-import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import { ChildProcess } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import { ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process/ChildProcessSpawner"
-import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { ShellPrompt, type Parameters } from "./shell/prompt"
+import { BashArity } from "@/permission/arity"
+
+export { Parameters } from "./shell/prompt"
 
 const MAX_METADATA_LENGTH = 30_000
 const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_BASH_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS || 2 * 60 * 1000
-const CWD = new Set(["cd", "push-location", "set-location"])
+const CWD = new Set(["cd", "chdir", "popd", "pushd", "push-location", "set-location"])
 const FILES = new Set([
   ...CWD,
   "rm",
@@ -50,21 +50,10 @@ const FILES = new Set([
   "new-item",
   "rename-item",
 ])
+const CMD_FILES = new Set(["copy", "del", "dir", "erase", "md", "mkdir", "move", "rd", "ren", "rename", "rmdir", "type"])
 const FLAGS = new Set(["-destination", "-literalpath", "-path"])
 const SWITCHES = new Set(["-confirm", "-debug", "-force", "-nonewline", "-recurse", "-verbose", "-whatif"])
 
-export const Parameters = Schema.Struct({
-  command: Schema.String.annotate({ description: "The command to execute" }),
-  timeout: Schema.optional(PositiveInt).annotate({ description: "Optional timeout in milliseconds" }),
-  workdir: Schema.optional(Schema.String).annotate({
-    description: `The working directory to run the command in. Defaults to the current directory. Use this instead of 'cd' commands.`,
-  }),
-  description: Schema.String.annotate({
-    description:
-      "Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: ls\nOutput: Lists files in current directory\n\nInput: git status\nOutput: Shows working tree status\n\nInput: npm install\nOutput: Installs package dependencies\n\nInput: mkdir foo\nOutput: Creates directory 'foo'",
-  }),
-})
-
 type Part = {
   type: string
   text: string
@@ -81,7 +70,7 @@ type Chunk = {
   size: number
 }
 
-export const log = Log.create({ service: "bash-tool" })
+export const log = Log.create({ service: "shell-tool" })
 
 const resolveWasm = (asset: string) => {
   if (asset.startsWith("file://")) return fileURLToPath(asset)
@@ -187,11 +176,16 @@ function prefix(text: string) {
   return text.slice(0, match.index)
 }
 
-function pathArgs(list: Part[], ps: boolean) {
+function pathArgs(list: Part[], ps: boolean, cmd = false) {
   if (!ps) {
     return list
       .slice(1)
-      .filter((item) => !item.text.startsWith("-") && !(list[0]?.text === "chmod" && item.text.startsWith("+")))
+      .filter(
+        (item) =>
+          !item.text.startsWith("-") &&
+          !(cmd && item.text.startsWith("/")) &&
+          !(list[0]?.text === "chmod" && item.text.startsWith("+")),
+      )
       .map((item) => item.text)
   }
 
@@ -251,13 +245,13 @@ function tail(text: string, maxLines: number, maxBytes: number) {
   }
 }
 
-const parse = Effect.fn("BashTool.parse")(function* (command: string, ps: boolean) {
+const parse = Effect.fn("ShellTool.parse")(function* (command: string, ps: boolean) {
   const tree = yield* Effect.promise(() => parser().then((p) => (ps ? p.ps : p.bash).parse(command)))
   if (!tree) throw new Error("Failed to parse command")
   return tree
 })
 
-const ask = Effect.fn("BashTool.ask")(function* (ctx: Tool.Context, scan: Scan) {
+const ask = Effect.fn("ShellTool.ask")(function* (ctx: Tool.Context, scan: Scan) {
   if (scan.dirs.size > 0) {
     const globs = Array.from(scan.dirs).map((dir) => {
       if (process.platform === "win32") return AppFileSystem.normalizePathPattern(path.join(dir, "*"))
@@ -273,7 +267,7 @@ const ask = Effect.fn("BashTool.ask")(function* (ctx: Tool.Context, scan: Scan)
 
   if (scan.patterns.size === 0) return
   yield* ctx.ask({
-    permission: "bash",
+    permission: ShellID.ToolID,
     patterns: Array.from(scan.patterns),
     always: Array.from(scan.always),
     metadata: {},
@@ -325,9 +319,8 @@ const parser = lazy(async () => {
   return { bash, ps }
 })
 
-// TODO: we may wanna rename this tool so it works better on other shells
-export const BashTool = Tool.define(
-  "bash",
+export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
+  ShellID.ToolID,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
     const spawner = yield* ChildProcessSpawner
@@ -335,7 +328,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
     const trunc = yield* Truncate.Service
     const plugin = yield* Plugin.Service
 
-    const cygpath = Effect.fn("BashTool.cygpath")(function* (shell: string, text: string) {
+    const cygpath = Effect.fn("ShellTool.cygpath")(function* (shell: string, text: string) {
       const lines = yield* spawner
         .lines(ChildProcess.make(shell, ["-lc", 'cygpath -w -- "$1"', "_", text]))
         .pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed([] as string[])))
@@ -344,7 +337,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       return AppFileSystem.normalizePath(file)
     })
 
-    const resolvePath = Effect.fn("BashTool.resolvePath")(function* (text: string, root: string, shell: string) {
+    const resolvePath = Effect.fn("ShellTool.resolvePath")(function* (text: string, root: string, shell: string) {
       if (process.platform === "win32") {
         if (Shell.posix(shell) && text.startsWith("/") && AppFileSystem.windowsPath(text) === text) {
           const file = yield* cygpath(shell, text)
@@ -355,7 +348,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       return path.resolve(root, text)
     })
 
-    const argPath = Effect.fn("BashTool.argPath")(function* (arg: string, cwd: string, ps: boolean, shell: string) {
+    const argPath = Effect.fn("ShellTool.argPath")(function* (arg: string, cwd: string, ps: boolean, shell: string) {
       const text = ps ? expand(arg, cwd, shell) : home(unquote(arg))
       const file = text && prefix(text)
       if (!file || dynamic(file, ps)) return
@@ -364,7 +357,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       return yield* resolvePath(next, cwd, shell)
     })
 
-    const collect = Effect.fn("BashTool.collect")(function* (
+    const collect = Effect.fn("ShellTool.collect")(function* (
       root: Node,
       cwd: string,
       ps: boolean,
@@ -376,14 +369,15 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
         patterns: new Set<string>(),
         always: new Set<string>(),
       }
+      const shellKind = ShellID.toKind(Shell.name(shell))
 
       for (const node of commands(root)) {
         const command = parts(node)
         const tokens = command.map((item) => item.text)
-        const cmd = ps ? tokens[0]?.toLowerCase() : tokens[0]
+        const cmd = ps || shellKind === "cmd" ? tokens[0]?.toLowerCase() : tokens[0]
 
-        if (cmd && FILES.has(cmd)) {
-          for (const arg of pathArgs(command, ps)) {
+        if (cmd && (FILES.has(cmd) || (shellKind === "cmd" && CMD_FILES.has(cmd)))) {
+          for (const arg of pathArgs(command, ps, shellKind === "cmd")) {
             const resolved = yield* argPath(arg, cwd, ps, shell)
             log.info("resolved path", { arg, resolved })
             if (!resolved || containsPath(resolved, instance)) continue
@@ -401,7 +395,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       return scan
     })
 
-    const shellEnv = Effect.fn("BashTool.shellEnv")(function* (ctx: Tool.Context, cwd: string) {
+    const shellEnv = Effect.fn("ShellTool.shellEnv")(function* (ctx: Tool.Context, cwd: string) {
       const extra = yield* plugin.trigger(
         "shell.env",
         { cwd, sessionID: ctx.sessionID, callID: ctx.callID },
@@ -413,7 +407,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       }
     })
 
-    const run = Effect.fn("BashTool.run")(function* (
+    const run = Effect.fn("ShellTool.run")(function* (
       input: {
         shell: string
         command: string
@@ -527,7 +521,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       const meta: string[] = []
       if (expired) {
         meta.push(
-          `bash tool terminated command after exceeding timeout ${input.timeout} ms. If this command is expected to take longer and is not waiting for interactive input, retry with a larger timeout value in milliseconds.`,
+          `shell tool terminated command after exceeding timeout ${input.timeout} ms. If this command is expected to take longer and is not waiting for interactive input, retry with a larger timeout value in milliseconds.`,
         )
       }
       if (aborted) meta.push("User aborted the command")
@@ -546,7 +540,7 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
       }
 
       if (meta.length > 0) {
-        output += "\n\n<bash_metadata>\n" + meta.join("\n") + "\n</bash_metadata>"
+        output += "\n\n<shell_metadata>\n" + meta.join("\n") + "\n</shell_metadata>"
       }
       if (sink) {
         const stream = sink
@@ -577,25 +571,14 @@ export const BashTool = Tool.define(
         const cfg = yield* config.get()
         const shell = Shell.acceptable(cfg.shell)
         const name = Shell.name(shell)
-        const chain =
-          name === "powershell"
-            ? "If the commands depend on each other and must run sequentially, avoid '&&' in this shell because Windows PowerShell 5.1 does not support it. Use PowerShell conditionals such as `cmd1; if ($?) { cmd2 }` when later commands must depend on earlier success."
-            : "If the commands depend on each other and must run sequentially, use a single Bash call with '&&' to chain them together (e.g., `git add . && git commit -m \"message\" && git push`). For instance, if one operation must complete before another starts (like mkdir before cp, Write before Bash for git operations, or git add before git commit), run these operations sequentially instead."
-        log.info("bash tool using shell", { shell })
-
         const limits = yield* trunc.limits()
-        const instance = yield* InstanceState.context
+        const prompt = ShellPrompt.render(name, process.platform, limits)
+        log.info("shell tool using shell", { shell })
 
         return {
-          description: DESCRIPTION.replaceAll("${directory}", instance.directory)
-            .replaceAll("${tmp}", Global.Path.tmp)
-            .replaceAll("${os}", process.platform)
-            .replaceAll("${shell}", name)
-            .replaceAll("${chaining}", chain)
-            .replaceAll("${maxLines}", String(limits.maxLines))
-            .replaceAll("${maxBytes}", String(limits.maxBytes)),
-          parameters: Parameters,
-          execute: (params: Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Parameters>, ctx: Tool.Context) =>
+          description: prompt.description,
+          parameters: prompt.parameters,
+          execute: (params: Parameters, ctx: Tool.Context) =>
             Effect.gen(function* () {
               const executeInstance = yield* InstanceState.context
               const cwd = params.workdir
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/id.ts b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/id.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..061253f8fb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/id.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+const kinds = ["bash", "pwsh", "powershell", "cmd"] as const
+export type Kind = (typeof kinds)[number]
+
+const shellKinds = new Set<string>(kinds)
+
+function isKind(value: string): value is Kind {
+  return shellKinds.has(value)
+}
+
+export function toKind(value: string): Kind {
+  return isKind(value) ? value : "bash"
+}
+
+// Keep the exposed tool ID and permission key as "bash" for compatibility with
+// existing plugins, users, and saved permissions. Rename with opencode 2.0.
+export const ToolID = "bash"
+export type ToolID = typeof ToolID
+
+export * as ShellID from "./id"
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..77d0f4b5ed7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import { Schema } from "effect"
+import DESCRIPTION from "./shell.txt"
+import { PositiveInt } from "@/util/schema"
+import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
+import { ShellID } from "./id"
+
+const PS = new Set(["powershell", "pwsh"])
+const CMD = new Set(["cmd"])
+
+const descriptions = {
+  bash:
+    "Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: ls\nOutput: Lists files in current directory\n\nInput: git status\nOutput: Shows working tree status\n\nInput: npm install\nOutput: Installs package dependencies\n\nInput: mkdir foo\nOutput: Creates directory 'foo'",
+  powershell:
+    'Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath "."\nOutput: Lists current directory\n\nInput: git status\nOutput: Shows working tree status\n\nInput: npm install\nOutput: Installs package dependencies\n\nInput: New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "tmp"\nOutput: Creates directory tmp',
+  cmd:
+    'Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: dir\nOutput: Lists current directory\n\nInput: if exist "package.json" type "package.json"\nOutput: Prints package.json when it exists\n\nInput: mkdir tmp\nOutput: Creates directory tmp',
+}
+
+export type Limits = {
+  maxLines: number
+  maxBytes: number
+}
+
+export function parameterSchema(description: string) {
+  return Schema.Struct({
+    command: Schema.String.annotate({ description: "The command to execute" }),
+    timeout: Schema.optional(PositiveInt).annotate({ description: "Optional timeout in milliseconds" }),
+    workdir: Schema.optional(Schema.String).annotate({
+      description: `The working directory to run the command in. Defaults to the current directory. Use this instead of 'cd' commands.`,
+    }),
+    description: Schema.String.annotate({ description }),
+  })
+}
+
+export const Parameters = parameterSchema(descriptions.bash)
+export type Parameters = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Parameters>
+
+function renderPrompt(template: string, values: Record<string, string>) {
+  return template.replace(/\$\{(\w+)\}/g, (_, key: string) => {
+    const value = values[key]
+    if (value === undefined) throw new Error(`Missing shell prompt value: ${key}`)
+    return value
+  })
+}
+
+function shellDisplayName(name: string) {
+  if (name === "pwsh") return "PowerShell (7+)"
+  if (name === "powershell") return "Windows PowerShell (5.1)"
+  if (name === "cmd") return "cmd.exe"
+  return name
+}
+
+function powershellNotes(name: string) {
+  if (name === "pwsh") {
+    return `# PowerShell (7+) shell notes
+- This cross-platform shell supports pipeline chain operators (\`&&\` and \`||\`).
+- Use double quotes for interpolated strings (\`"Hello $name"\`), single quotes for verbatim strings.
+- Prefer full cmdlet names like \`Get-ChildItem\`, \`Set-Content\`, \`Remove-Item\`, and \`New-Item\` over aliases.
+- Use \`$(...)\` for subexpressions. Use \`@(...)\` for array expressions.
+- To call a native executable whose path contains spaces, use the call operator: \`& "path/to/exe" args\`.
+- Escape special characters with the PowerShell backtick character.`
+  }
+  if (name === "powershell") {
+    return `# Windows PowerShell (5.1) shell notes
+- Use \`cmd1; if ($?) { cmd2 }\` to chain dependent commands.
+- Use double quotes for interpolated strings (\`"Hello $name"\`), single quotes for verbatim strings.
+- Prefer full cmdlet names like \`Get-ChildItem\`, \`Set-Content\`, \`Remove-Item\`, and \`New-Item\` over aliases.
+- Use \`$(...)\` for subexpressions. Use \`@(...)\` for array expressions.
+- To call a native executable whose path contains spaces, use the call operator: \`& "path/to/exe" args\`.
+- Escape special characters with the PowerShell backtick character.`
+  }
+  return ""
+}
+
+function chainGuidance(name: string) {
+  if (name === "powershell") {
+    return "If the commands depend on each other and must run sequentially, avoid '&&' in this shell because Windows PowerShell (5.1) does not support it. Use PowerShell conditionals such as `cmd1; if ($?) { cmd2 }` when later commands must depend on earlier success."
+  }
+  if (PS.has(name)) {
+    return "If the commands depend on each other and must run sequentially, use a single bash tool call with '&&' to chain them together (e.g., `git add . && git commit -m \"message\" && git push`). For instance, if one operation must complete before another starts (like New-Item before Copy-Item, Write before bash for git operations, or git add before git commit), run these operations sequentially instead."
+  }
+  if (CMD.has(name)) {
+    return "If the commands depend on each other and must run sequentially, use a single bash tool call with `&&` to chain them together (e.g., `mkdir out && dir out`). For instance, if one operation must complete before another starts, run these operations sequentially instead."
+  }
+  return "If the commands depend on each other and must run sequentially, use a single Bash call with '&&' to chain them together (e.g., `git add . && git commit -m \"message\" && git push`). For instance, if one operation must complete before another starts (like mkdir before cp, Write before Bash for git operations, or git add before git commit), run these operations sequentially instead."
+}
+
+function bashCommandSection(chain: string, limits: Limits) {
+  return `Before executing the command, please follow these steps:
+
+1. Directory Verification:
+   - If the command will create new directories or files, first use \`ls\` to verify the parent directory exists and is the correct location
+   - For example, before running "mkdir foo/bar", first use \`ls foo\` to check that "foo" exists and is the intended parent directory
+
+2. Command Execution:
+   - Always quote file paths that contain spaces with double quotes (e.g., rm "path with spaces/file.txt")
+   - Examples of proper quoting:
+     - mkdir "/Users/name/My Documents" (correct)
+     - mkdir /Users/name/My Documents (incorrect - will fail)
+     - python "/path/with spaces/script.py" (correct)
+     - python /path/with spaces/script.py (incorrect - will fail)
+   - After ensuring proper quoting, execute the command.
+   - Capture the output of the command.
+
+Usage notes:
+  - The command argument is required.
+  - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after 120000ms (2 minutes).
+  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
+  - If the output exceeds ${limits.maxLines} lines or ${limits.maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use \`head\`, \`tail\`, or other truncation commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
+
+  - Avoid using Bash with the \`find\`, \`grep\`, \`cat\`, \`head\`, \`tail\`, \`sed\`, \`awk\`, or \`echo\` commands, unless explicitly instructed or when these commands are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
+    - File search: Use Glob (NOT find or ls)
+    - Content search: Use Grep (NOT grep or rg)
+    - Read files: Use Read (NOT cat/head/tail)
+    - Edit files: Use Edit (NOT sed/awk)
+    - Write files: Use Write (NOT echo >/cat <<EOF)
+    - Communication: Output text directly (NOT echo/printf)
+  - When issuing multiple commands:
+    - If the commands are independent and can run in parallel, make multiple bash tool calls in a single message. For example, if you need to run "git status" and "git diff", send a single message with two bash tool calls in parallel.
+    - ${chain}
+    - Use ';' only when you need to run commands sequentially but don't care if earlier commands fail
+    - DO NOT use newlines to separate commands (newlines are ok in quoted strings)
+  - AVOID using \`cd <directory> && <command>\`. Use the \`workdir\` parameter to change directories instead.
+    <good-example>
+    Use workdir="/foo/bar" with command: pytest tests
+    </good-example>
+    <bad-example>
+    cd /foo/bar && pytest tests
+    </bad-example>`
+}
+
+function powershellCommandSection(name: string, chain: string, pathSep: string, limits: Limits) {
+  return `${powershellNotes(name)}
+
+Before executing the command, please follow these steps:
+
+1. Directory Verification:
+   - If the command will create new directories or files, first use \`Test-Path -LiteralPath <parent>\` to verify the parent directory exists and is the correct location
+   - For example, before creating \`foo${pathSep}bar\`, first use \`Test-Path -LiteralPath "foo"\` to check that \`foo\` exists and is the intended parent directory
+
+2. Command Execution:
+   - Always quote file paths that contain spaces with double quotes (e.g., Remove-Item -LiteralPath "path with spaces${pathSep}file.txt")
+   - Examples of proper quoting:
+     - New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "My Documents" (correct)
+     - New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path My Documents (incorrect - path is split)
+     - & "path with spaces${pathSep}script.ps1" (correct)
+     - path with spaces${pathSep}script.ps1 (incorrect - path is split and not invoked)
+   - After ensuring proper quoting, execute the command.
+   - Capture the output of the command.
+
+Usage notes:
+  - The command argument is required.
+  - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after 120000ms (2 minutes).
+  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
+  - If the output exceeds ${limits.maxLines} lines or ${limits.maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use \`Select-Object -First\`, \`Select-Object -Last\`, or other truncation commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
+
+  - Avoid using Shell with PowerShell file/content cmdlets unless explicitly instructed or when these cmdlets are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
+    - File search: Use Glob (NOT Get-ChildItem)
+    - Content search: Use Grep (NOT Select-String)
+    - Read files: Use Read (NOT Get-Content)
+    - Edit files: Use Edit (NOT Set-Content)
+    - Write files: Use Write (NOT Set-Content/Out-File or here-strings)
+    - Communication: Output text directly (NOT Write-Output/Write-Host)
+  - When issuing multiple commands:
+    - If the commands are independent and can run in parallel, make multiple bash tool calls in a single message. For example, if you need to run "git status" and "git diff", send a single message with two bash tool calls in parallel.
+    - ${chain}
+    - Use \`;\` only when you need to run commands sequentially but don't care if earlier commands fail
+    - DO NOT use newlines to separate commands (newlines are ok in quoted strings)
+  - AVOID changing directories inside the command. Use the \`workdir\` parameter to change directories instead.
+    <good-example>
+    Use workdir="project${pathSep}subdir" with command: pytest tests
+    </good-example>
+    <bad-example>
+    ${name === "powershell" ? `Set-Location -LiteralPath "project${pathSep}subdir"; if ($?) { pytest tests }` : `Set-Location -LiteralPath "project${pathSep}subdir" && pytest tests`}
+    </bad-example>`
+}
+
+function cmdCommandSection(chain: string, limits: Limits) {
+  return `# cmd.exe shell notes
+- Use double quotes for paths with spaces.
+- Use %VAR% for environment variables.
+- Use \`if exist\` for existence checks.
+- Use \`call\` when invoking batch files from another batch-style command.
+
+Before executing the command, please follow these steps:
+
+1. Directory Verification:
+   - If the command will create new directories or files, first use \`if exist\` to verify the parent directory exists and is the correct location
+   - For example, before creating \`foo\\bar\`, first use \`if exist "foo\\" dir "foo"\` to check that \`foo\` exists and is the intended parent directory
+
+2. Command Execution:
+   - Always quote file paths that contain spaces with double quotes (e.g., del "path with spaces\\file.txt")
+   - Examples of proper quoting:
+     - mkdir "My Documents" (correct)
+     - mkdir My Documents (incorrect - path is split)
+     - call "path with spaces\\script.bat" (correct)
+     - path with spaces\\script.bat (incorrect - path is split and not invoked correctly)
+   - After ensuring proper quoting, execute the command.
+   - Capture the output of the command.
+
+Usage notes:
+  - The command argument is required.
+  - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after 120000ms (2 minutes).
+  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
+  - If the output exceeds ${limits.maxLines} lines or ${limits.maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use \`more\` or other pagination commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
+
+  - Avoid using Shell with cmd.exe file/content commands unless explicitly instructed or when these commands are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
+    - File search: Use Glob (NOT dir /s)
+    - Content search: Use Grep (NOT findstr)
+    - Read files: Use Read (NOT type)
+    - Edit files: Use Edit (NOT copy)
+    - Write files: Use Write (NOT echo > file)
+    - Communication: Output text directly (NOT echo)
+  - When issuing multiple commands:
+    - If the commands are independent and can run in parallel, make multiple bash tool calls in a single message. For example, if you need to run "dir" and "where cmd", send a single message with two bash tool calls in parallel.
+    - ${chain}
+    - Use \`&\` only when you need to run commands sequentially but don't care if earlier commands fail
+    - DO NOT use newlines to separate commands (newlines are ok in quoted strings)
+  - AVOID changing directories inside the command. Use the \`workdir\` parameter to change directories instead.
+    <good-example>
+    Use workdir="project\\subdir" with command: dir
+    </good-example>
+    <bad-example>
+    cd /d "project\\subdir" && dir
+    </bad-example>`
+}
+
+function profile(name: string, platform: NodeJS.Platform, limits: Limits) {
+  const isPowerShell = PS.has(name)
+  const chain = chainGuidance(name)
+  if (CMD.has(name)) {
+    return {
+      intro: `Executes a given ${shellDisplayName(name)} command with optional timeout, ensuring proper handling and security measures.`,
+      workdirSection:
+        "All commands run in the current working directory by default. Use the `workdir` parameter if you need to run a command in a different directory. AVOID changing directories inside the command - use `workdir` instead.",
+      commandSection: cmdCommandSection(chain, limits),
+      gitCommands: "git commands",
+      gitCommandRestriction: "git commands",
+      createPrInstruction: "Create PR using a temporary body file so cmd.exe quoting stays simple.",
+      createPrExample: `(\n  echo ## Summary\n  echo - ^<1-3 bullet points^>\n) > pr-body.txt\ngh pr create --title "the pr title" --body-file pr-body.txt`,
+      parameterDescription: descriptions.cmd,
+    }
+  }
+  if (isPowerShell) {
+    return {
+      intro: `Executes a given ${shellDisplayName(name)} command with optional timeout, ensuring proper handling and security measures.`,
+      workdirSection:
+        "All commands run in the current working directory by default. Use the `workdir` parameter if you need to run a command in a different directory. AVOID changing directories inside the command - use `workdir` instead.",
+      commandSection: powershellCommandSection(name, chain, platform === "win32" ? "\\" : "/", limits),
+      gitCommands: "git commands",
+      gitCommandRestriction: "git commands",
+      createPrInstruction: "Create PR using gh pr create with a PowerShell here-string to pass the body correctly.",
+      createPrExample: `gh pr create --title "the pr title" --body @'
+## Summary
+- <1-3 bullet points>
+'@`,
+      parameterDescription: descriptions.powershell,
+    }
+  }
+  return {
+    intro:
+      "Executes a given bash command in a persistent shell session with optional timeout, ensuring proper handling and security measures.",
+    workdirSection:
+      "All commands run in the current working directory by default. Use the `workdir` parameter if you need to run a command in a different directory. AVOID using `cd <directory> && <command>` patterns - use `workdir` instead.",
+    commandSection: bashCommandSection(chain, limits),
+    gitCommands: "bash commands",
+    gitCommandRestriction: "git bash commands",
+    createPrInstruction:
+      "Create PR using gh pr create with the format below. Use a HEREDOC to pass the body to ensure correct formatting.",
+    createPrExample: `gh pr create --title "the pr title" --body "$(cat <<'EOF'
+## Summary
+<1-3 bullet points>`,
+    parameterDescription: descriptions.bash,
+  }
+}
+
+export function render(name: string, platform: NodeJS.Platform, limits: Limits) {
+  const selected = profile(name, platform, limits)
+  return {
+    description: renderPrompt(DESCRIPTION, {
+      intro: selected.intro,
+      os: platform,
+      shell: name,
+      tmp: Global.Path.tmp,
+      workdirSection: selected.workdirSection,
+      commandSection: selected.commandSection,
+      gitCommands: selected.gitCommands,
+      toolName: ShellID.ToolID,
+      gitCommandRestriction: selected.gitCommandRestriction,
+      createPrInstruction: selected.createPrInstruction,
+      createPrExample: selected.createPrExample,
+    }),
+    parameters: parameterSchema(selected.parameterDescription),
+  }
+}
+
+export * as ShellPrompt from "./prompt"
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/bash.txt b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/shell.txt
similarity index 59%
rename from packages/opencode/src/tool/bash.txt
rename to packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/shell.txt
index a131ed7e6339..5cba07805c1e 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/bash.txt
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/shell.txt
@@ -1,54 +1,14 @@
-Executes a given bash command in a persistent shell session with optional timeout, ensuring proper handling and security measures.
+${intro}
 
 Be aware: OS: ${os}, Shell: ${shell}
 
-All commands run in the current working directory by default. Use the `workdir` parameter if you need to run a command in a different directory. AVOID using `cd <directory> && <command>` patterns - use `workdir` instead.
+${workdirSection}
 
 Use `${tmp}` for temporary work outside the workspace. This directory has already been created, already exists, and is pre-approved for external directory access.
 
 IMPORTANT: This tool is for terminal operations like git, npm, docker, etc. DO NOT use it for file operations (reading, writing, editing, searching, finding files) - use the specialized tools for this instead.
 
-Before executing the command, please follow these steps:
-
-1. Directory Verification:
-   - If the command will create new directories or files, first use `ls` to verify the parent directory exists and is the correct location
-   - For example, before running "mkdir foo/bar", first use `ls foo` to check that "foo" exists and is the intended parent directory
-
-2. Command Execution:
-   - Always quote file paths that contain spaces with double quotes (e.g., rm "path with spaces/file.txt")
-   - Examples of proper quoting:
-     - mkdir "/Users/name/My Documents" (correct)
-     - mkdir /Users/name/My Documents (incorrect - will fail)
-     - python "/path/with spaces/script.py" (correct)
-     - python /path/with spaces/script.py (incorrect - will fail)
-   - After ensuring proper quoting, execute the command.
-   - Capture the output of the command.
-
-Usage notes:
-  - The command argument is required.
-  - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after 120000ms (2 minutes).
-  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
-  - If the output exceeds ${maxLines} lines or ${maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use `head`, `tail`, or other truncation commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
-
-  - Avoid using Bash with the `find`, `grep`, `cat`, `head`, `tail`, `sed`, `awk`, or `echo` commands, unless explicitly instructed or when these commands are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
-    - File search: Use Glob (NOT find or ls)
-    - Content search: Use Grep (NOT grep or rg)
-    - Read files: Use Read (NOT cat/head/tail)
-    - Edit files: Use Edit (NOT sed/awk)
-    - Write files: Use Write (NOT echo >/cat <<EOF)
-    - Communication: Output text directly (NOT echo/printf)
-  - When issuing multiple commands:
-    - If the commands are independent and can run in parallel, make multiple Bash tool calls in a single message. For example, if you need to run "git status" and "git diff", send a single message with two Bash tool calls in parallel.
-    - ${chaining}
-    - Use ';' only when you need to run commands sequentially but don't care if earlier commands fail
-    - DO NOT use newlines to separate commands (newlines are ok in quoted strings)
-  - AVOID using `cd <directory> && <command>`. Use the `workdir` parameter to change directories instead.
-    <good-example>
-    Use workdir="/foo/bar" with command: pytest tests
-    </good-example>
-    <bad-example>
-    cd /foo/bar && pytest tests
-    </bad-example>
+${commandSection}
 
 # Committing changes with git
 
@@ -67,7 +27,7 @@ Git Safety Protocol:
 - CRITICAL: If you already pushed to remote, NEVER amend unless user explicitly requests it (requires force push)
 - NEVER commit changes unless the user explicitly asks you to. It is VERY IMPORTANT to only commit when explicitly asked, otherwise the user will feel that you are being too proactive.
 
-1. You can call multiple tools in a single response. When multiple independent pieces of information are requested and all commands are likely to succeed, run multiple tool calls in parallel for optimal performance. run the following bash commands in parallel, each using the Bash tool:
+1. You can call multiple tools in a single response. When multiple independent pieces of information are requested and all commands are likely to succeed, run multiple tool calls in parallel for optimal performance. run the following ${gitCommands} in parallel, each using the ${toolName} tool:
   - Run a git status command to see all untracked files.
   - Run a git diff command to see both staged and unstaged changes that will be committed.
   - Run a git log command to see recent commit messages, so that you can follow this repository's commit message style.
@@ -84,18 +44,18 @@ Git Safety Protocol:
 4. If the commit fails due to pre-commit hook, fix the issue and create a NEW commit (see amend rules above)
 
 Important notes:
-- NEVER run additional commands to read or explore code, besides git bash commands
+- NEVER run additional commands to read or explore code, besides ${gitCommandRestriction}
 - NEVER use the TodoWrite or Task tools
 - DO NOT push to the remote repository unless the user explicitly asks you to do so
 - IMPORTANT: Never use git commands with the -i flag (like git rebase -i or git add -i) since they require interactive input which is not supported.
 - If there are no changes to commit (i.e., no untracked files and no modifications), do not create an empty commit
 
 # Creating pull requests
-Use the gh command via the Bash tool for ALL GitHub-related tasks including working with issues, pull requests, checks, and releases. If given a GitHub URL use the gh command to get the information needed.
+Use the gh command via the ${toolName} tool for ALL GitHub-related tasks including working with issues, pull requests, checks, and releases. If given a GitHub URL use the gh command to get the information needed.
 
 IMPORTANT: When the user asks you to create a pull request, follow these steps carefully:
 
-1. You can call multiple tools in a single response. When multiple independent pieces of information are requested and all commands are likely to succeed, run multiple tool calls in parallel for optimal performance. run the following bash commands in parallel using the Bash tool, in order to understand the current state of the branch since it diverged from the main branch:
+1. You can call multiple tools in a single response. When multiple independent pieces of information are requested and all commands are likely to succeed, run multiple tool calls in parallel for optimal performance. run the following ${gitCommands} in parallel using the ${toolName} tool, in order to understand the current state of the branch since it diverged from the main branch:
    - Run a git status command to see all untracked files
    - Run a git diff command to see both staged and unstaged changes that will be committed
    - Check if the current branch tracks a remote branch and is up to date with the remote, so you know if you need to push to the remote
@@ -104,11 +64,9 @@ IMPORTANT: When the user asks you to create a pull request, follow these steps c
 3. You can call multiple tools in a single response. When multiple independent pieces of information are requested and all commands are likely to succeed, run multiple tool calls in parallel for optimal performance. run the following commands in parallel:
    - Create new branch if needed
    - Push to remote with -u flag if needed
-   - Create PR using gh pr create with the format below. Use a HEREDOC to pass the body to ensure correct formatting.
+   - ${createPrInstruction}
 <example>
-gh pr create --title "the pr title" --body "$(cat <<'EOF'
-## Summary
-<1-3 bullet points>
+${createPrExample}
 </example>
 
 Important:
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/session/message-v2.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/session/message-v2.test.ts
index afd24e7e1b38..a7853be0b8bf 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/session/message-v2.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/session/message-v2.test.ts
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ describe("session.message-v2.toModelMessage", () => {
               status: "completed",
               input: { cmd: "ls" },
               output: "abcdefghij",
-              title: "Bash",
+              title: "Shell",
               metadata: {},
               time: { start: 0, end: 1 },
             },
@@ -740,9 +740,9 @@ describe("session.message-v2.toModelMessage", () => {
       "12179",
       "4575",
       "",
-      "<bash_metadata>",
+      "<shell_metadata>",
       "User aborted the command",
-      "</bash_metadata>",
+      "</shell_metadata>",
     ].join("\n")
 
     const input: MessageV2.WithParts[] = [
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts
index bc42b0324b8b..9f6a0617eda8 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import { toJsonSchema } from "../../src/util/effect-zod"
 // byte-identical regardless of whether a tool has migrated from zod to Schema.
 
 import { Parameters as ApplyPatch } from "../../src/tool/apply_patch"
-import { Parameters as Bash } from "../../src/tool/bash"
 import { Parameters as Edit } from "../../src/tool/edit"
 import { Parameters as Glob } from "../../src/tool/glob"
 import { Parameters as Grep } from "../../src/tool/grep"
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ import { Parameters as Lsp } from "../../src/tool/lsp"
 import { Parameters as Plan } from "../../src/tool/plan"
 import { Parameters as Question } from "../../src/tool/question"
 import { Parameters as Read } from "../../src/tool/read"
+import { Parameters as Shell } from "../../src/tool/shell"
 import { Parameters as Skill } from "../../src/tool/skill"
 import { Parameters as Task } from "../../src/tool/task"
 import { Parameters as Todo } from "../../src/tool/todo"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const accepts = (schema: Schema.Decoder<unknown>, input: unknown): boolean =>
 describe("tool parameters", () => {
   describe("JSON Schema (wire shape)", () => {
     test("apply_patch", () => expect(toJsonSchema(ApplyPatch)).toMatchSnapshot())
-    test("bash", () => expect(toJsonSchema(Bash)).toMatchSnapshot())
+    test("bash", () => expect(toJsonSchema(Shell)).toMatchSnapshot())
     test("edit", () => expect(toJsonSchema(Edit)).toMatchSnapshot())
     test("glob", () => expect(toJsonSchema(Glob)).toMatchSnapshot())
     test("grep", () => expect(toJsonSchema(Grep)).toMatchSnapshot())
@@ -66,20 +66,20 @@ describe("tool parameters", () => {
     })
   })
 
-  describe("bash", () => {
+  describe("shell", () => {
     test("accepts minimum: command + description", () => {
-      expect(parse(Bash, { command: "ls", description: "list" })).toEqual({ command: "ls", description: "list" })
+      expect(parse(Shell, { command: "ls", description: "list" })).toEqual({ command: "ls", description: "list" })
     })
     test("accepts optional timeout + workdir", () => {
-      const parsed = parse(Bash, { command: "ls", description: "list", timeout: 5000, workdir: "/tmp" })
+      const parsed = parse(Shell, { command: "ls", description: "list", timeout: 5000, workdir: "/tmp" })
       expect(parsed.timeout).toBe(5000)
       expect(parsed.workdir).toBe("/tmp")
     })
-    test("rejects missing description (required by zod)", () => {
-      expect(accepts(Bash, { command: "ls" })).toBe(false)
+    test("rejects missing description", () => {
+      expect(accepts(Shell, { command: "ls" })).toBe(false)
     })
     test("rejects missing command", () => {
-      expect(accepts(Bash, { description: "list" })).toBe(false)
+      expect(accepts(Shell, { description: "list" })).toBe(false)
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/tool/bash.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts
similarity index 92%
rename from packages/opencode/test/tool/bash.test.ts
rename to packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts
index 513cfa18eaab..43295e2d5d35 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/tool/bash.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import os from "os"
 import path from "path"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { Shell } from "../../src/shell/shell"
-import { BashTool } from "../../src/tool/bash"
+import { ShellTool } from "../../src/tool/shell"
 import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(
 )
 
 function initBash() {
-  return runtime.runPromise(BashTool.pipe(Effect.flatMap((info) => info.init())))
+  return runtime.runPromise(ShellTool.pipe(Effect.flatMap((info) => info.init())))
 }
 
+const initShell = initBash
+
 const ctx = {
   sessionID: SessionID.make("ses_test"),
   messageID: MessageID.make(""),
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ const shells = (() => {
 })()
 const PS = new Set(["pwsh", "powershell"])
 const ps = shells.filter((item) => PS.has(item.label))
+const cmdShell = shells.find((item) => item.label === "cmd")
 
 const sh = () => Shell.name(Shell.acceptable())
 const evalarg = (text: string) => (sh() === "cmd" ? quote(text) : squote(text))
@@ -135,12 +138,12 @@ const mustTruncate = (result: {
   )
 }
 
-describe("tool.bash", () => {
+describe("tool.shell", () => {
   each("basic", async () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
             {
@@ -184,13 +187,13 @@ describe("tool.bash", () => {
   })
 })
 
-describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
+describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
   each("asks for bash permission with correct pattern", async () => {
     await using tmp = await tmpdir()
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: tmp.path,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
         await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
@@ -213,7 +216,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: tmp.path,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
         await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
         await Instance.provide({
           directory: projectRoot,
           fn: async () => {
-            const bash = await initBash()
+            const bash = await initShell()
             const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
             await Effect.runPromise(
               bash.execute(
@@ -261,11 +264,43 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
     )
   }
 
+  for (const item of ps) {
+    test(
+      `uses PowerShell cmdlet prefixes for always-allow prompts [${item.label}]`,
+      withShell(item, async () => {
+        await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+        await Instance.provide({
+          directory: tmp.path,
+          fn: async () => {
+            const bash = await initShell()
+            const err = new Error("stop after permission")
+            const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
+            await expect(
+              Effect.runPromise(
+                bash.execute(
+                  {
+                    command: "Remove-Item -Recurse tmp",
+                    description: "Remove a temp directory",
+                  },
+                  capture(requests, err),
+                ),
+              ),
+            ).rejects.toThrow(err.message)
+            const bashReq = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "bash")
+            expect(bashReq).toBeDefined()
+            expect(bashReq!.always).toContain("Remove-Item *")
+            expect(bashReq!.always).not.toContain("Remove-Item -Recurse *")
+          },
+        })
+      }),
+    )
+  }
+
   each("asks for external_directory permission for wildcard external paths", async () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const err = new Error("stop after permission")
         const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
         const file = process.platform === "win32" ? `${process.env.WINDIR!.replaceAll("\\", "/")}/*` : "/etc/*"
@@ -301,7 +336,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
           await Instance.provide({
             directory: projectRoot,
             fn: async () => {
-              const bash = await initBash()
+              const bash = await initShell()
               const file = path.join(outerTmp.path, "outside.txt").replaceAll("\\", "/")
               const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
               await Effect.runPromise(
@@ -334,7 +369,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
           await Instance.provide({
             directory: projectRoot,
             fn: async () => {
-              const bash = await initBash()
+              const bash = await initShell()
               const err = new Error("stop after permission")
               const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
               await expect(
@@ -364,7 +399,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
           await Instance.provide({
             directory: projectRoot,
             fn: async () => {
-              const bash = await initBash()
+              const bash = await initShell()
               const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
               const file = `${process.env.WINDIR!.replaceAll("\\", "/")}/win.ini`
               await Effect.runPromise(
@@ -396,7 +431,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
           await Instance.provide({
             directory: tmp.path,
             fn: async () => {
-              const bash = await initBash()
+              const bash = await initShell()
               const err = new Error("stop after permission")
               const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
               await expect(
@@ -426,7 +461,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
           await Instance.provide({
             directory: projectRoot,
             fn: async () => {
-              const bash = await initBash()
+              const bash = await initShell()
               const err = new Error("stop after permission")
               const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
               await expect(
@@ -521,7 +556,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
             await Instance.provide({
               directory: projectRoot,
               fn: async () => {
-                const bash = await initBash()
+                const bash = await initShell()
                 const err = new Error("stop after permission")
                 const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
                 const root = path.parse(process.env.WINDIR!).root.replace(/[\\/]+$/, "")
@@ -680,7 +715,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
           await Instance.provide({
             directory: projectRoot,
             fn: async () => {
-              const bash = await initBash()
+              const bash = await initShell()
               const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
               await Effect.runPromise(
                 bash.execute(
@@ -702,6 +737,35 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
     }
   }
 
+  if (process.platform === "win32" && cmdShell) {
+    test(
+      "asks for external_directory permission for cmd file commands [cmd]",
+      withShell(cmdShell, async () => {
+        await Instance.provide({
+          directory: projectRoot,
+          fn: async () => {
+            const bash = await initShell()
+            const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
+            await Effect.runPromise(
+              bash.execute(
+                {
+                  command: `TYPE "${path.join(process.env.WINDIR!, "win.ini")}"`,
+                  description: "Read Windows ini with cmd",
+                },
+                capture(requests),
+              ),
+            )
+            const extDirReq = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
+            expect(extDirReq).toBeDefined()
+            expect(extDirReq!.patterns).toContain(
+              Filesystem.normalizePathPattern(path.join(process.env.WINDIR!, "*")),
+            )
+          },
+        })
+      }),
+    )
+  }
+
   each("asks for external_directory permission when cd to parent", async () => {
     await using tmp = await tmpdir()
     await Instance.provide({
@@ -945,7 +1009,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: tmp.path,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
         await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
@@ -967,7 +1031,7 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: tmp.path,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const err = new Error("stop after permission")
         const requests: Array<Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
         await expect(
@@ -1001,12 +1065,12 @@ describe("tool.bash permissions", () => {
   })
 })
 
-describe("tool.bash abort", () => {
+describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
   test("preserves output when aborted", async () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const controller = new AbortController()
         const collected: string[] = []
         const res = await Effect.runPromise(
@@ -1040,7 +1104,7 @@ describe("tool.bash abort", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
             {
@@ -1052,7 +1116,7 @@ describe("tool.bash abort", () => {
           ),
         )
         expect(result.output).toContain("started")
-        expect(result.output).toContain("bash tool terminated command after exceeding timeout")
+        expect(result.output).toContain("shell tool terminated command after exceeding timeout")
         expect(result.output).toContain("retry with a larger timeout value in milliseconds")
       },
     })
@@ -1062,7 +1126,7 @@ describe("tool.bash abort", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
             {
@@ -1083,7 +1147,7 @@ describe("tool.bash abort", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
             {
@@ -1128,12 +1192,12 @@ describe("tool.bash abort", () => {
   })
 })
 
-describe("tool.bash truncation", () => {
+describe("tool.shell truncation", () => {
   test("truncates output exceeding line limit", async () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const lineCount = Truncate.MAX_LINES + 500
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
@@ -1155,7 +1219,7 @@ describe("tool.bash truncation", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const byteCount = Truncate.MAX_BYTES + 10000
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
@@ -1177,7 +1241,7 @@ describe("tool.bash truncation", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(
             {
@@ -1197,7 +1261,7 @@ describe("tool.bash truncation", () => {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: projectRoot,
       fn: async () => {
-        const bash = await initBash()
+        const bash = await initShell()
         const lineCount = Truncate.MAX_LINES + 100
         const result = await Effect.runPromise(
           bash.execute(