Fix format

Author: VietND96

website_and_docs/content/blog/2026/selenium-grid-4-41-deep-dive.md

@@ -11,13 +11,8 @@ description: >
   We are excited to ship Selenium Grid 4.41.0 — and this release brings something meaningful for you
 ---
 
-# Selenium Grid 4.41.0: What's New and Why It Matters
+We are excited to ship Selenium Grid **4.41.0** 🎉 — and this might be one of impactful releases in recent memory. Whether you are running Grid in a bare-metal lab, a Docker Compose stack, or a sprawling Kubernetes cluster, this release brings something meaningful for you. From a brand-new **Dynamic Grid for Kubernetes**, a powerful **Session Event API**, to smarter video recording and a rock-solid Distributor, let's dig in.
 
----
-
-## Overview
-
-We are excited to ship Selenium Grid **4.41.0** — and this might be one of impactful releases in recent memory. Whether you are running Grid in a bare-metal lab, a Docker Compose stack, or a sprawling Kubernetes cluster, this release brings something meaningful for you. From a brand-new **Dynamic Grid for Kubernetes**, a powerful **Session Event API**, to smarter video recording and a rock-solid Distributor, let's dig in.
 
 ---
 
@@ -408,23 +403,23 @@ A new [`traefik-servers-transport.yaml`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-se
 
 Three significant Distributor fixes ship in 4.41.0, addressing real concurrency issues that could manifest under load.
 
-### Fix 1: Thread exhaustion in health-check cycle ([selenium#17104](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17104), commit [`d8195c8`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/d8195c8aa617c54d191523a5210f972978965b93))
+**Fix 1: Thread exhaustion in health-check cycle ([selenium#17104](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17104), commit [`d8195c8`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/d8195c8aa617c54d191523a5210f972978965b93))**
 
 The `LocalDistributor` runs periodic health checks against all registered nodes. Under high node counts, a subtle bug caused the health-check executor thread pool to accumulate tasks faster than they were being consumed, eventually exhausting threads and causing new session requests to stall.
 
 The fix refactors [`LocalNodeRegistry.java`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/distributor/local/LocalNodeRegistry.java) to decouple the health-check scheduling from the main distribution path, with 295 lines of new tests specifically exercising concurrent health-check scenarios.
 
-### Fix 2: WebSocket connection counter leaks ([selenium#17106](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17106), commit [`741fe01`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/741fe01d276aa67a44b4a6c3590c060fd47d4f2f))
+**Fix 2: WebSocket connection counter leaks ([selenium#17106](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17106), commit [`741fe01`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/741fe01d276aa67a44b4a6c3590c060fd47d4f2f))**
 
 [`ProxyNodeWebsockets`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/node/ProxyNodeWebsockets.java) tracks active WebSocket connections per node to respect `maxSessions`. A race condition in the connection bookkeeping could cause the counter to drift upward, making slots appear occupied when they were free. Over time this would cause nodes to appear artificially full.
 
 The fix tightens the lifecycle management with try-finally guards around counter decrements, backed by 406 lines of dedicated unit tests.
 
-### Fix 3: Retry session on executor shutdown ([selenium#17109](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17109), commit [`527a40b`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/527a40b30f01b272c1b7df1de122f8b16e3f79ce))
+**Fix 3: Retry session on executor shutdown ([selenium#17109](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17109), commit [`527a40b`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/527a40b30f01b272c1b7df1de122f8b16e3f79ce))**
 
 When a [`RemoteNode`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/node/remote/RemoteNode.java)'s thread executor enters a shutdown state (e.g., during a graceful drain), session creation requests could be silently dropped instead of being returned to the queue for redistribution. The Distributor now detects `RejectedExecutionException` from a shutting-down executor and transparently retries the session on another available node.
 
-### Deadlock prevention ([selenium#17022](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17022), commit [`a47041a`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/a47041a5398c7465bc52cac66e3e7d198c5befb5))
+**Deadlock prevention ([selenium#17022](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17022), commit [`a47041a`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/a47041a5398c7465bc52cac66e3e7d198c5befb5))**
 
 [`LocalGridModel`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/distributor/local/LocalGridModel.java) contained a lock inversion risk between its internal state lock and the event bus listener lock. Under specific timing conditions this could deadlock the Distributor entirely. The fix restructures lock acquisition order with a dedicated test ([`LocalGridModelDeadlockTest.java`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/distributor/local/LocalGridModelDeadlockTest.java), 275 lines) that explicitly reproduces the hazard.
 
@@ -455,27 +450,27 @@ This makes docker-selenium the go-to tool whenever you need to:
 - Run a cross-version compatibility sweep in CI across a range of browser versions in parallel
 - Pin a version in a test environment and guarantee it never changes until you deliberately upgrade
 
-### Interactive debugging with Fluxbox browser menu ([docker-selenium#3085](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3085), commit [`bc1e6fd`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/bc1e6fda1cfbdd32e91ef3699e92d9044b3086ae))
+**Interactive debugging with Fluxbox browser menu ([docker-selenium#3085](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3085), commit [`bc1e6fd`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/bc1e6fda1cfbdd32e91ef3699e92d9044b3086ae))**
 
 Complementing the above, the Fluxbox desktop inside every node and standalone image now has a right-click menu with browser launchers and a lightweight terminal (xterm). Connect to the container via VNC or noVNC, right-click the desktop, and launch the browser directly — no command line needed. When you are debugging a test failure visually against a specific image version, this removes the last friction from the interactive workflow.
 
 ---
 
 ## 7. More Improvements Worth Knowing About
 
-### Unified Dynamic Grid configuration (Docker & Kubernetes) ([docker-selenium#3088](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3088), commit [`f90d1ee`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/f90d1eed07bfb6409577035f7f06528d0272ce6c))
+**Unified Dynamic Grid configuration (Docker & Kubernetes) ([docker-selenium#3088](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3088), commit [`f90d1ee`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/f90d1eed07bfb6409577035f7f06528d0272ce6c))**
 
 Configuration environment variables are now shared across [`NodeDocker`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/tree/4.41.0-20260222/NodeDocker), [`StandaloneDocker`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/tree/4.41.0-20260222/StandaloneDocker), [`NodeKubernetes`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/tree/4.41.0-20260222/NodeKubernetes), and [`StandaloneKubernetes`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/tree/4.41.0-20260222/StandaloneKubernetes) images. Variables like `SE_NODE_GRID_URL`, `SE_NODE_MAX_SESSIONS`, and video-related settings behave identically regardless of whether the Dynamic Grid backend is Docker or Kubernetes.
 
-### Basic auth support in Dynamic Grid Standalone ([selenium#17072](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17072), commit [`7278252`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/7278252badc14d9d036df8ca20d6927b5f546a49))
+**Basic auth support in Dynamic Grid Standalone ([selenium#17072](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17072), commit [`7278252`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/7278252badc14d9d036df8ca20d6927b5f546a49))**
 
 When Grid Standalone is secured with HTTP basic auth, [`DockerSessionFactory`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/node/docker/DockerSessionFactory.java) now correctly forwards credentials when communicating with the node's own status endpoint during session setup. A small but important fix that unblocks secured Dynamic Grid deployments.
 
-### Restore stereotype capability merging in RelaySessionFactory ([selenium#17097](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17097), commit [`ac74b7e`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/ac74b7e263e1308c3f5f8c666c8c2cb97da3e417))
+**Restore stereotype capability merging in RelaySessionFactory ([selenium#17097](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17097), commit [`ac74b7e`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/ac74b7e263e1308c3f5f8c666c8c2cb97da3e417))**
 
 A regression introduced in a prior release caused [`RelaySessionFactory`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.41.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/node/relay/RelaySessionFactory.java) to ignore stereotype capabilities during session creation, which broke mobile relay sessions that relied on custom capabilities from the stereotype being merged into the session request. Restored and covered by 156 lines of new tests.
 
-### Kubernetes: structured logs support ([docker-selenium#3087](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3087), commit [`ccd697c`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/ccd697cef2b13904c628b5d968447df1e7c30ed4))
+**Kubernetes: structured logs support ([docker-selenium#3087](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3087), commit [`ccd697c`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/ccd697cef2b13904c628b5d968447df1e7c30ed4))**
 
 Structured logging (`global.seleniumGrid.structuredLogs`) already existed, but plain-text logs were always emitted alongside it with no way to suppress them. This PR adds `SE_PLAIN_LOGS` (`--plain-logs`, default `true`) as an independent toggle. Both modes can run simultaneously — to get pure JSON output for a log aggregation pipeline (Loki, Elasticsearch), enable structured logs and turn plain logs off:
 
@@ -493,7 +488,7 @@ Or via environment variable on any component directly:
 SE_PLAIN_LOGS=false
 ```
 
-### Kubernetes: tolerations fix for monitoring exporter ([docker-selenium#3086](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3086), commit [`56e0192`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/56e0192c))
+**Kubernetes: tolerations fix for monitoring exporter ([docker-selenium#3086](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/pull/3086), commit [`56e0192`](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/commit/56e0192c))**
 
 The Helm chart's monitoring exporter deployment was missing `tolerations`, which caused it to fail scheduling on tainted nodes (a common pattern in production clusters with dedicated node pools). This is now fixed.
 
@@ -507,7 +502,7 @@ The Helm chart's monitoring exporter deployment was missing `tolerations`, which
 # Pull latest images
 docker pull selenium/hub:4.41.0-20260222
 docker pull selenium/node-chrome:4.41.0-20260222
-docker pull selenium/video:ffmpeg-7.1-20260222
+docker pull selenium/video:ffmpeg-8.1-20260222
 ```
 
 Or update your compose file: