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---
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description: Design principles that shape the Design guidelines and UI examples for creating Windows app experiences.
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title: Design principles
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ms.date: 12/11/2025
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ms.topic: article
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ms.localizationpriority: medium
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---
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# Windows 11 design principles
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![Various Windows 11 design elements](./signature-experiences/images/principles_hero_1880.png)
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Windows 11 marks a visual evolution of the operating system. We have evolved our design language alongside of Fluent to create a design that is human, universal, and truly feels like Windows.
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The design principles below have guided us throughout the journey of making Windows the best-in-class implementation of Fluent.
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### Effortless
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Windows 11 is faster and more intuitive. It's easy to do what I want, with focus and precision.
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### Calm
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Windows 11 is softer and decluttered; it fades into the background to help me stay calm and focused. The experience feels warm, ethereal, and approachable.
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### Personal
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Windows 11 adapts seamlessly to the way I use my device. It bends and flexes to my individual needs and preferences so that I can truly express myself.
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### Familiar
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Windows 11 balances a new, refreshed look and feel with the familiarity of the Windows I already know. There is no learning curve; I can pick it up and go.
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### Complete + Coherent
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Windows 11 offers a visually seamless experience across platforms. I can work in many platforms and still have a consistent Windows experience.
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## Windows 11 signature experiences
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Signature experiences are the design elements Windows 11 uses to express its visual language, while maintaining a coherent look and feel across all Fluent experiences.
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:::row:::
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:::column:::
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![A window and modal dialog in light mode on the left and dark mode on the right](./signature-experiences/images/color_hero_626.png)
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:::column-end:::
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:::column span="2":::
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**Color**<br><br>
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[Color](./signature-experiences/color.md) helps users focus on their tasks by indicating a visual hierarchy and structure between user interface elements. Windows 11 uses color to provide a calming foundation, subtly enhancing user interactions and emphasizing significant items only when necessary.
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:::column-end:::
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![An application window with a single content area](./signature-experiences/images/layering_elevation_hero_626.png)
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:::column-end:::
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**Elevation and layering**<br><br>
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[Elevation and layering](./signature-experiences/layering.md) is the concept of overlapping one surface with another, creating two or more visually distinguished areas within the same surface. Windows 11 uses elevation and layering as its foundation for app hierarchy.
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:::column-end:::
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![A shopping cart icon](./signature-experiences/images/iconography_SystemIcons.svg)
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:::column-end:::
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**Iconography**<br><br>
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[Iconography](./signature-experiences/iconography.md) is a set of visual images and symbols that help users understand and navigate your app. Windows 11 iconography has evolved in concert with our design language. Every glyph in our system icon font has been redesigned to embrace a softer geometry and more modern metaphors.
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:::column-end:::
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![A UI surface made of acrylic](./signature-experiences/images/materials_acrylic_hero_626.png)
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:::column-end:::
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**Materials**<br><br>
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[Materials](./signature-experiences/materials.md) are visual effects that make UI surfaces resemble real life artifacts. Windows 11 uses materials to keep the UI connected to its environment. Materials bring surfaces to life and help us distinguish between focused and unfocused applications.
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![Several UI elements highlighting new geometry in Windows 11](./signature-experiences/images/geometry_hero_626.png)
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**Shapes and geometry**<br><br>
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[Geometry](./signature-experiences/geometry.md) describes the shape, size, and position of UI elements on screen. These fundamental design elements help experiences feel coherent across the entire design system. Windows 11 features updated geometry that creates a more approachable, engaging, and modern experience.
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![Several words rendered in Segoe UI Variable](./signature-experiences/images/typography_QuickBrownFox.svg)
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**Typography**<br><br>
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As the visual representation of language, the main task of [typography](./signature-experiences/typography.md) is to communicate information. The Windows 11 type system helps you create structure and hierarchy in your content in order to maximize legibility and readability in your UI.
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:::image type="content" source="./signature-experiences/images/motion-resourceful.gif" alt-text="An animated image that shows several examples of motion in the Windows UI.":::
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**Motion**<br><br>
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[Motion](./signature-experiences/motion.md) describes the way the interface animates and responds to user interaction. Motion in Windows is reactive, direct, and context appropriate. It provides feedback to user input and reinforces spatial paradigms that support way-finding.
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---
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description: Deep-dive topics like layout, navigation, input, typography, and motion. Everything you need to build a solid UX foundation for your Windows app.
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title: Design guidelines
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ms.date: 12/16/2025
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ms.topic: article
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ms.localizationpriority: medium
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---
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# Design guidelines
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The Guidelines section covers the core building blocks of Windows app design. These topics define the patterns, rules, and behaviors that ensure your app feels intuitive, polished, and aligned with Fluent Design. From color and typography to motion, layout, and materials, each foundation helps you make consistent decisions that scale across pages, features, and form factors.
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Use these fundamentals as a guide throughout your design process—whether you're mapping out your first screens, refining interaction patterns, or ensuring your UI matches Windows conventions. Exploring these foundations early can save development time, reduce rework, and lead to better experiences for your users.
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---
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:::row:::
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[![Color icon](./images/tile-color.png)](./signature-experiences/color.md)<br>
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**[Color](./signature-experiences/color.md)**<br>
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Use color to establish hierarchy, communicate meaning, and create a cohesive visual identity..
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[![Commanding icon](./images/tile-commanding.png)](./basics/commanding-basics.md)<br>
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**[Commanding](./basics/commanding-basics.md)**<br>
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Present actions in clear, consistent patterns that help users understand what they can do.
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:::column-end:::
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[![Elevation icon](./images/tile-elevation.png)](./signature-experiences/layering.md)<br>
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**[Elevation](./signature-experiences/layering.md)**<br>
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Apply depth and layering to guide focus and reinforce the structure of your interface.
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:::column-end:::
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[![Geometry icon](./images/tile-geometry.png)](./signature-experiences/geometry.md)<br>
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**[Geometry](./signature-experiences/geometry.md)**<br>
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Use shape, sizing, and spatial relationships to create balanced, predictable layouts.
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[![Iconography icon](./images/tile-iconography.png)](./signature-experiences/iconography.md)<br>
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**[Iconography](./signature-experiences/iconography.md)**<br>
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Communicate actions and concepts quickly with familiar, purposeful icons.
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[![Layout icon](./images/tile-layout.png)](layout/index.md)<br>
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**[Layout](./layout/index.md)**<br>
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Organize content with grids, spacing, and alignment patterns that improve clarity and flow.
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[![Materials icon](./images/tile-materials.png)](./signature-experiences/materials.md)<br>
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**[Materials](./signature-experiences/materials.md)**<br>
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Enhance your UI with Fluent materials like Mica and Acrylic to add depth and warmth.
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[![Motion icon](./images/tile-motion.png)](./signature-experiences/motion.md)<br>
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**[Motion](./signature-experiences/motion.md)**<br>
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Use motion to provide feedback, guide attention, and create smooth, responsive interactions.
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[![Navigation icon](./images/tile-navigation.png)](./basics/navigation-basics.md)<br>
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**[Navigation](./basics/navigation-basics.md)**<br>
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Help users move through your app with predictable, well-structured navigation patterns.
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[![Sound icon](./images/tile-sound.png)](./style/sound.md)<br>
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**[Sound](./style/sound.md)**<br>
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Use audio cues to provide feedback, reinforce actions, and support accessibility.
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[![Typography icon](./images/tile-typography.png)](./signature-experiences/typography.md)<br>
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**[Typography](./signature-experiences/typography.md)**<br>
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Set the tone and improve readability with consistent type choices and hierarchy.
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[![Usability icon](./images/tile-usability.png)](./usability/index.md)<br>
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**[Usability](./usability/index.md)**<br>
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Ensure your app is easy to use through intuitive interactions, clear affordances, and accessibility.
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[![Widgets icon](./images/tile-widgets.png)](./widgets/index.md)<br>
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**[Widgets](./widgets/index.md)**<br>
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Extend your app with glanceable, interactive surfaces that surface key information and actions.
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[![Writing icon](./images/tile-writing.png)](style/writing-style.md )<br>
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**[Writing](./style/writing-style.md )**<br>
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Use clear, concise, and helpful language to improve understanding and reduce cognitive load.
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:::column-end:::
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:::row-end:::
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