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Angela Fleischmann
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Merge pull request #21253 from MicrosoftDocs/main
Publish 06/30/2023 3:30 PM PDT
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microsoft-365/business-premium/m365bp-mdb-maintain-environment.md

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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.service: microsoft-365-security
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ms.subservice: m365bp
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ms.date: 06/29/2023
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ms.date: 06/30/2023
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ms.localizationpriority: medium
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ms.collection:
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- M365-Campaigns
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## See also
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[Security incident management](m365bp-security-incident-management.md)
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[Reports in Defender for Business](../security/defender-business/mdb-reports.md)
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[Microsoft 365 for business security best practices](secure-your-business-data.md)
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- [Security incident management](m365bp-security-incident-management.md)
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- [Reports in Defender for Business](../security/defender-business/mdb-reports.md)
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- [Microsoft 365 for business security best practices](secure-your-business-data.md)

microsoft-365/enterprise/administering-exchange-online-multi-geo.md

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---
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title: "Administering Exchange Online mailboxes in a multi-geo environment"
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ms.reviewer: adwood
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ms.date: 6/20/2023
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ms.date: 6/29/2023
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ms.author: chrisda
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author: chrisda
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manager: serdars
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Exchange Online PowerShell is required to view and configure multi geo properties in your Microsoft 365 environment. To connect to Exchange Online PowerShell, see [Connect to Exchange Online PowerShell](/powershell/exchange/connect-to-exchange-online-powershell).
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You need the [Microsoft Azure Active Directory PowerShell Module](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/28552.microsoft-azure-active-directory-powershell-module-version-release-history.aspx) v1.1.166.0 or later in v1.x to see the **PreferredDataLocation** property on user objects. User objects that are synchronized via Azure Active Direct Connect into Microsoft Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) have their **PreferredDataLocation** value directly modified via Azure AD PowerShell. Cloud-only user objects can be modified via Azure AD PowerShell. To connect to Azure AD PowerShell, see [Connect to PowerShell](connect-to-microsoft-365-powershell.md).
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You need the [Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK](/powershell/microsoftgraph/installation) to see the **PreferredDataLocation** property on user objects. User objects that are synchronized via Azure Active Direct Connect into Microsoft Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) have their **PreferredDataLocation** value directly. Admins can manually modify cloud-only user objects via Microsoft Graph PowerShell as described in this article. To connect to Microsoft Graph PowerShell, see [Sign in to Microsoft Graph PowerShell](/powershell/microsoftgraph/get-started#sign-in).
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In Exchange Online multi-geo environments, you don't need to do any manual steps to add geo locations to your tenant. After you receive the Message Center post that says multi-geo is ready for Exchange Online, all available geo locations are ready and configured for you to use.
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The **Get-Mailbox** cmdlet in Exchange Online PowerShell displays the following multi-geo related properties on mailboxes:
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- **Database**: The first three letters of the database name correspond to the geo code, which tells you where the mailbox is currently located. For Online Archive Mailboxes the **ArchiveDatabase** property should be used.
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- **MailboxRegion**: Specifies the geo location code that was set by the admin (synchronized from **PreferredDataLocation** in Azure AD).
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- **MailboxRegionLastUpdateTime**: Indicates when MailboxRegion was last updated (either automatically or manually).
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To see these properties for a mailbox, use the following syntax:
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## Move an existing cloud-only mailbox to a specific geo location
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A cloud-only user (a user created directly in Azure AD) is a user that's not synchronized to the tenant via Azure AD Connect. Use the **Get-MsolUser** and **Set-MsolUser** cmdlets in the Azure AD Module for Windows PowerShell to view or specify the geo location where a cloud-only user's mailbox is stored.
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A cloud-only user (a user created directly in Azure AD) is a user that's not synchronized to the tenant via Azure AD Connect. Use the **Get-MgUser** and **Set-MgUser** cmdlets in Microsoft Graph PowerShell to view or specify the geo location where a cloud-only user's mailbox is stored.
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To view the **PreferredDataLocation** value for a user, use this syntax in Azure AD PowerShell:
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To view the **PreferredDataLocation** value for users, run the following command in Microsoft Graph PowerShell:
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```powershell
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Get-MsolUser -UserPrincipalName <UserPrincipalName> | Format-List UserPrincipalName,PreferredDataLocation
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Get-MgUser -All -Property PreferredDataLocation,ID,UserPrincipalName| Format-Table PreferredDataLocation,ID,UserPrincipalName -AutoSize
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```
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For example, to see the **PreferredDataLocation** value for the user [email protected], run the following command:
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Use the ID value from the previous command to modify the **PreferredDataLocation** value for a cloud-only user object:
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```powershell
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Get-MsolUser -UserPrincipalName [email protected] | Format-List
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Update-MgUser -UserId <ID> -PreferredDataLocation <GeoLocationCode>
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```
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To modify the **PreferredDataLocation** value for a cloud-only user object, use the following syntax in Azure AD PowerShell:
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For example, to set the **PreferredDataLocation** value to the European Union (EUR) geo for the specified ID, run the following command:
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```powershell
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Set-MsolUser -UserPrincipalName <UserPrincipalName> -PreferredDataLocation <GeoLocationCode>
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Update-MgUser -UserId dba12422-ac75-486a-a960-cd7cb3f6963f -PreferredDataLocation EUR
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```
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For example, to set the **PreferredDataLocation** value to the European Union (EUR) geo for the user [email protected], run the following command:
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```powershell
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Set-MsolUser -UserPrincipalName [email protected] -PreferredDataLocation EUR
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```
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For detailed syntax and parameter information, see [Get-MgUser](/powershell/module/microsoft.graph.users/get-mguser) and [Update-MgUser](/powershell/module/microsoft.graph.users/update-mguser).
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> [!NOTE]
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>
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- Configure the **PreferredDataLocation** value as described in the previous [Move an existing cloud-only mailbox to a specific geo location](#move-an-existing-cloud-only-mailbox-to-a-specific-geo-location) section *before* you create the mailbox in Exchange Online. For example, configure the **PreferredDataLocation** value on a user before you assign a license.
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- Assign a license at the same time you set the **PreferredDataLocation** value.
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To create a new cloud-only licensed user (not Azure AD Connect synchronized) in a specific geo location, use the following syntax in Azure AD PowerShell:
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To create a new cloud-only licensed user (not Azure AD Connect synchronized) in a specific geo location, use the following syntax in Microsoft Graph PowerShell:
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```powershell
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New-MsolUser -UserPrincipalName <UserPrincipalName> -DisplayName "<Display Name>" [-FirstName <FirstName>] [-LastName <LastName>] [-Password <Password>] [-LicenseAssignment <AccountSkuId>] -PreferredDataLocation <GeoLocationCode>
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$PasswordProfile = @{Password = '<Password>'}
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New-MgUser -DisplayName "<Display Name>" -AccountEnabled -MailNickName <Alias> -UserPrincipalName <Alias>@<domain> -PasswordProfile $PasswordProfile [-GivenName <FirstName>] [-SurName <LastName>] -PreferredDataLocation <GeoLocationCode>
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```
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This example creates a new user account for Elizabeth Brunner with the following values:
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- Display name: Elizabeth Brunner
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- Alias: ebrunner
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- User principal name: [email protected]
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- Password: xWwvJ]6NMw+bWH-d
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- First name: Elizabeth
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- Last name: Brunner
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- Display name: Elizabeth Brunner
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- Password: randomly generated and shown in the results of the command (because we're not using the *Password* parameter)
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- License: `contoso:ENTERPRISEPREMIUM` (E5)
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- Location: Australia (AUS)
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```powershell
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New-MsolUser -UserPrincipalName [email protected] -DisplayName "Elizabeth Brunner" -FirstName Elizabeth -LastName Brunner -LicenseAssignment contoso:ENTERPRISEPREMIUM -PreferredDataLocation AUS
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$PasswordProfile = @{Password = 'xWwvJ]6NMw+bWH-d'}
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New-MgUser -DisplayName "Elizabeth Brunner" -AccountEnabled -MailNickName ebrunner -UserPrincipalName [email protected] -PasswordProfile $PasswordProfile -GivenName Elizabeth -SurName Brunner -PreferredDataLocation AUS
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```
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For more information about creating new user accounts and finding LicenseAssignment values in Azure AD PowerShell, see [Create user accounts with PowerShell](create-user-accounts-with-microsoft-365-powershell.md) and [View licenses and services with PowerShell](view-licenses-and-services-with-microsoft-365-powershell.md).
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For detailed syntax and parameter information, see [New-MgUser](/powershell/module/microsoft.graph.users/new-mguser).
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> [!NOTE]
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> If you're enabling a mailbox in Exchange Online PowerShell and need the mailbox to be created directly in the geo location that's specified in **PreferredDataLocation**, you need to use an Exchange Online cmdlet such as **Enable-Mailbox** or **New-Mailbox** directly in the cloud service. If you use the **Enable-RemoteMailbox** cmdlet in on-premises Exchange PowerShell, the mailbox is created in the central geo location.

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