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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: learn-pr/azure/intro-to-azure-kubernetes-service/5-knowledge-check.yml
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metadata:
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title: Module assessment
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description: Knowledge check
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ms.date: 11/26/2024
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ms.date: 03/23/2026
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author: davidsmatlak
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ms.author: davidsmatlak
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ms.topic: unit
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quiz:
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questions:
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- content: "Suppose you work for a company that builds a Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) game. You decide to move all your services to Azure Kubernetes service. Which of the following components contribute to your monthly Azure charge?"
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- content: "Suppose you work for a company that builds a Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) game. You decide to move all your services to Azure Kubernetes Service. Which of the following components contribute to your monthly Azure charge?"
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choices:
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- content: "The control plane"
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isCorrect: false
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- content: "Bridge to Kubernetes"
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isCorrect: true
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explanation: "Bridge to Kubernetes allows for the development of code in isolation, and do end-to-end testing with other components without replicating or mocking up dependencies."
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: learn-pr/azure/intro-to-azure-kubernetes-service/includes/1-introduction.md
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Using containers in software development has become popular due to the ease of use and versatility. Containers make it easy to package and deploy an application to any compute environment for tests, scale, and go live. When your application meets higher demand, you can easily scale out your services by deploying more container instances. Containers are also less resource intensive than virtual machines. This efficiency allows you to make better use of compute resources, and that saves you money.
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Using containers in software development is popular because of the ease of use and versatility. Containers make it easy to package and deploy an application to any compute environment for tests, scale, and production. When your application meets higher demand, you can easily scale out your services by deploying more container instances. Containers are also less resource intensive than virtual machines. This efficiency allows you to make better use of compute resources, and that saves you money.
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The standard container-management runtime is focused on managing individual containers. However, there are times where you want to scale and have multiple containers working together. Scaling multiple containers becomes challenging, because several factors need consideration when managing multiple containers. Suppose you need to handle load balancing, security, network connectivity, and deployment. To help make this process easier, it's common to use a container-management platform such as Kubernetes.
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Suppose you run a company that provides an asset-tracking solution to customers worldwide. Your tracking solution is built and deployed as microservices, which are then packaged into containers. You're using the containerized instances to quickly deploy into new customer regions and scale resources as needed to meet customer demand globally. You're tasked to use a container-orchestration platform that simplifies the process to develop, deploy, and manage containerized applications.
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Here, you see how Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) makes it simple to manage a hosted Kubernetes environment in Azure. We hope to aid you in your decision on whether AKS is a good choice as a Kubernetes platform for your business.
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In this module, you learn how Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) makes it simple to manage a hosted Kubernetes environment in Azure. We hope to aid you in your decision on whether AKS is a good choice as a Kubernetes platform for your business.
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## Learning objectives
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In this module, you'll:
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In this module:
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- Evaluate whether Azure Kubernetes Service is an appropriate Kubernetes orchestration platform for you.
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- Describe how the components of Azure Kubernetes Service work to support compute container orchestration.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: learn-pr/azure/intro-to-azure-kubernetes-service/includes/2-what-is-azure-kubernetes-service.md
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## What is a container?
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A *container* is an atomic unit of software that packages up code, dependencies, and configuration for a specific application. Containers allow you to split up monolithic applications into individual services that make up the solution. This rearchitecting of our application enables us to deploy these separate services via containers.
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A _container_ is an atomic unit of software that packages code, dependencies, and configuration for a specific application. Containers allow you to split monolithic applications into individual services that make up the solution. This rearchitecting of our application enables us to deploy these separate services via containers.
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:::image type="content" source="../media/2-container.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows server or application replicated as containers for cloud deployment.":::
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## Why use a container?
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Suppose your asset-tracking solution included three major applications:
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- A tracking website that includes maps and information about the assets being tracked
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- A data processing service that collects and processes information sent from tracked assets
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- An MSSQL database for storing customer information captured from the website
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- A tracking website that includes maps and information about the assets being tracked.
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- A data processing service that collects and processes information sent from tracked assets.
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- An MSSQL database for storing customer information captured from the website.
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You realize that to meet customer demand, you have to scale out your solution.
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### Virtual Machines (VMs)
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One option is to deploy a new virtual machine for every application, hosted across multiple regions. Then, copy the applications to your new VMs. However, doing so makes you responsible for managing each VM that you use.
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The maintenance overhead increases as you scale. You need to provision and configure VM operating system (OS) versions and dependencies for each application to match. When you apply upgrades for your applications that affect the OS and major changes, there are precautions. If any errors appear during the upgrade, you need to roll back the installation, which causes disruption such as downtime or delays.
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The maintenance overhead increases as you scale. You need to deploy and configure VM operating system (OS) versions and dependencies for each application to match. When you apply upgrades for your applications that affect the OS and major changes, there are precautions. If any errors appear during the upgrade, you need to roll back the installation, which causes disruption like downtime or delays.
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:::image type="content" source="../media/2-deploy-mutile-instances.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows replicated servers as VMs in the cloud and how the problem raises migration questions and problems.":::
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The deployment in the previous diagram is cumbersome, sometimes error-prone, and doesn't easily scale single services. For example, you can't easily scale only the caching service used in the web application. Containers help solve these types of problems.
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The container concept gives us four major benefits:
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1.**Immutability**: The unchanging nature of a container allows it to deploy and run reliably with the same behavior from one compute environment to another. A container image tested in a QA environment is the same container image deployed to production.
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1.**Smaller Size**: A container is similar to a VM, but without the kernel for each machine. Instead, they share a host kernel. VMs use a large image file to store both the OS and the application you want to run. In contrast, a container doesn't need an OS, only the application.
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1.**Lightweight**: The container always relies on the host-installed OS for kernel-specific services. The lightweight property makes containers less resource-intensive, so installing multiple containers is possible within the same compute environment.
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1.**Startup is fast**: Containers start up in few seconds, unlike VMs, which can take minutes to start.
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-**Immutability**: The unchanging nature of a container allows it to deploy and run reliably with the same behavior from one compute environment to another. A container image tested in a QA environment is the same container image deployed to production.
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-**Smaller Size**: A container is similar to a VM, but without the kernel for each machine. Instead, they share a host kernel. VMs use a large image file to store both the OS and the application you want to run. In contrast, a container doesn't need an OS, only the application.
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-**Lightweight**: The container always relies on the host-installed OS for kernel-specific services. The lightweight property makes containers less resource-intensive, so installing multiple containers is possible within the same compute environment.
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-**Startup is fast**: Containers start up in few seconds, unlike VMs, which can take minutes to start.
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These benefits make containers a popular choice for developers and IT operations alike, and are why many are switching from VMs.
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## What is container management?
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:::image type="content" source="../media/2-deploy-mutile-containers.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows replicated servers as multiple containers in the cloud.":::
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Even though containers are functionally similar to VMs, their purposes vary. A container has a distinct lifecycle that exists as a temporary machine. Its state passes through the stages of pending, running, and terminated. This lifecycle makes containers more disposable and affects how developers and IT operations think about the management of large interconnected applications. Container management involves deploying, upgrading, monitoring, and removing containers.
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Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform that automates deploying, scaling, and managing containerized workloads. Kubernetes abstracts away complex container management and provides us with a declarative configuration to orchestrate containers in different compute environments. This orchestration platform gives us the same ease of use and flexibility as with Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offerings.
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:::image type="content" source="../media/2-deploy-mutile-containers-k8s.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows replicated servers as multiple containers in a Kubernetes cluster.":::
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Kubernetes allows you to view your data center as one large computer. We don't worry about how and where we deploy our containers, only about deploying and scaling our applications as needed.
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Here are some more aspects to keep in mind about Kubernetes:
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- Kubernetes isn't a full PaaS offering. It operates at the container level and offers only a common set of PaaS features.
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- Kubernetes isn't monolithic. It's not a single application that's installed. Aspects such as deployment, scaling, load balancing, logging, and monitoring are all optional.
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- Kubernetes installations aren't a monolithic, single application. Aspects like deployment, scaling, load balancing, logging, and monitoring are all optional.
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- Kubernetes doesn't limit the types of applications you can run. If your application can run in a container, it runs on Kubernetes.
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- Your developers need to understand concepts such as microservices architecture to make optimal use of container solutions.
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- Your developers need to understand concepts like microservices architecture to make optimal use of container solutions.
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- Kubernetes doesn't provide middleware, data-processing frameworks, databases, caches, or cluster-storage systems. All these items are run as containers or as part of another service offering.
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- A Kubernetes deployment is configured as a cluster. A cluster consists of a Microsoft managed control plane and one or more worker nodes (agent nodes). For production deployments, the preferred configuration is a Microsoft managed, high availability replicated control plane and worker nodes that run your workloads and that you manage with node pools.
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- A Kubernetes deployment is configured as a cluster. A cluster consists of at least one primary machine or control plane and one or more worker machines. For production deployments, the preferred configuration is a high availability deployment with three to five replicated control-plane machines that are referred to as nodes or agent nodes.
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With all the benefits you receive with Kubernetes, you're responsible for finding the best solution that fits your needs to address these aspects. Keep in mind that you're responsible for maintaining your Kubernetes cluster. For example, you need to manage OS upgrades and the Kubernetes installation and upgrades. You also manage the hardware configuration of the host machines, such as networking, memory, and storage.
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With all the benefits you receive with Kubernetes, you're responsible for finding the best solution that fits your needs to address these aspects. Keep in mind that you're responsible for maintaining your Kubernetes cluster. For example, you need to manage OS upgrades and the Kubernetes installation and upgrades. You also manage the hardware configuration of the host machines, like networking, memory, and storage.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Kubernetes is sometimes abbreviated to **K8s**. The 8 represents the eight characters between the K and the s of the word K[*ubernete*]s.
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> Kubernetes is sometimes abbreviated to **K8s**. The `8` represents the eight characters between the `K` and the `s` of the word K[_ubernete_]s.
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## What is the Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)?
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:::image type="content" source="../media/2-deploy-AKS.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows replicated servers as multiple containers in an AKS Kubernetes cluster.":::
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AKS manages your hosted Kubernetes environment and makes it simple to deploy and manage containerized applications in Azure. Your AKS environment is enabled with features such as automated updates, self-healing, and easy scaling. Azure manages your Kubernetes cluster's control plane for free. You manage the agent nodes in the cluster and only pay for the VMs on which your nodes run.
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AKS manages your hosted Kubernetes environment and makes it simple to deploy and manage containerized applications in Azure. Your AKS environment is enabled with features like automated updates, self-healing, and easy scaling. Azure manages your Kubernetes cluster's control plane for free. You manage the agent nodes in the cluster and only pay for the VMs on which your nodes run.
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You can create and manage your cluster in the Azure portal or with the Azure CLI. When you create the cluster, there are Resource Manager templates to automate cluster creation. With these templates, you have access to features such as advanced networking options, Microsoft Entra Identity, and resource monitoring. Then, you can set up triggers and events to automate the cluster deployment for multiple scenarios.
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You can create and manage your cluster in the Azure portal or with the Azure CLI. When you create the cluster, there are Resource Manager templates to automate cluster creation. With these templates, you have access to features like advanced networking options, Microsoft Entra Identity, and resource monitoring. Then, you can set up triggers and events to automate the cluster deployment for multiple scenarios.
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With AKS, you get the benefits of open-source Kubernetes without the added complexity or operational overhead that using only Kubernetes can entail.
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