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title T-SQL Surface Area in Fabric Data Warehouse
description T-SQL surface area of the SQL analytics endpoint and warehouse in Microsoft Fabric.
ms.reviewer cynotebo, jovanpop, twinklecyril, emtehran, prlangad
ms.date 02/04/2026
ms.topic concept-article
ms.search.form T-SQL Surface area

T-SQL surface area in Fabric Data Warehouse

Applies to: [!INCLUDE fabric-se-dw]

This article covers the T-SQL language syntax capabilities of [!INCLUDE product-name], when querying the [!INCLUDE fabric-se] or [!INCLUDE fabric-dw].

For SQL database in Fabric, see Limitations in SQL database (preview).

Note

For more information on upcoming feature development for Fabric Data Warehouse, see the Fabric Data Warehouse release plan.

T-SQL surface area

Fabric Data Warehouse supports T-SQL tables, views, stored procedures, functions, permissions, and security roles.

  • For more about CREATE/DROP TABLE support in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw], see Tables.
  • For more about supported data types in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw], see Data types.
  • You can also create T-SQL views, functions, and procedures on top of the tables that reference your Delta Lake data in the [!INCLUDE fabric-se] of the Lakehouse.
    • Creating, altering, and dropping tables, and insert, update, and delete are only supported in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw] in [!INCLUDE product-name], not in the [!INCLUDE fabric-se] of the Lakehouse.
  • Fabric Warehouse and SQL analytics endpoint both support standard, sequential, and nested CTEs. While CTEs are generally available in Microsoft Fabric, nested CTEs are currently a preview feature. For more information, see Nested Common Table Expression (CTE) in Fabric data warehousing (Transact-SQL).
  • TRUNCATE TABLE is supported in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw].
  • To change the name of the column in a user table in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw], use the sp_rename stored procedure.
  • A subset of query and join hints are supported in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw]. For more information, see Hints (Transact-SQL).
  • Session-scoped distributed #temp tables are supported in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw] in [!INCLUDE product-name].
  • MERGE syntax is supported and is a generally available feature. For more information, see MERGE T-SQL syntax.
  • AI functions (preview) enable advanced text processing without leaving your warehouse.

Limitations

At this time, the following list of commands is NOT currently supported. Don't try to use these commands. Even though they might appear to succeed, they could cause issues to your warehouse.

  • ALTER TABLE ADD/ALTER
    • Currently, only the following subset of ALTER TABLE operations in [!INCLUDE fabric-dw] in [!INCLUDE product-name] are supported:
      • ADD nullable columns of supported column data types.
      • DROP COLUMN
      • ADD or DROP PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, and FOREIGN_KEY column constraints, but only if the NOT ENFORCED option has been specified. All other ALTER TABLE operations are blocked.
      • There are limitations with adding table constraints or columns when using Source Control with Warehouse.
  • BULK LOAD
  • CREATE USER
  • FOR JSON must be the last operator in the query, and so is not allowed inside subqueries
  • Manually created multi-column stats
  • Materialized views
  • PREDICT
  • Queries targeting system and user tables
  • Recursive queries
  • Schema and table names can't contain / or \
  • SELECT - FOR XML
  • SET ROWCOUNT
  • SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
  • sp_showspaceused
  • Synonyms
  • Triggers

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