title	Dapr State output binding for Azure Functions
description	Learn how to provide Dapr State output binding data during a function execution in Azure Functions.
ms.topic	reference
ms.date	05/10/2024
ms.author	nigreenf
ms.reviewer	hannahhunter
ms.subservice	dapr
ms.devlang	csharp
ms.custom	devx-track-csharp, devx-track-python, devx-track-dotnet, devx-track-extended-java, devx-track-js, build-2024
zone_pivot_groups	programming-languages-set-functions-lang-workers

Dapr State output binding for Azure Functions

The Dapr state output binding allows you to save a value to a Dapr state during a function execution.

For information on setup and configuration details of the Dapr extension, see the Dapr extension overview.

Example

::: zone pivot="programming-language-csharp"

A C# function can be created using one of the following C# modes:

[!INCLUDE dotnet-execution]

In-process

The following example demonstrates using the Dapr state output binding to persist a new state into the state store.

[FunctionName("StateOutputBinding")]
public static async Task<IActionResult> Run(
    [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Function, "post", Route = "state/{key}")] HttpRequest req,
    [DaprState("statestore", Key = "{key}")] IAsyncCollector<string> state,
    ILogger log)
{
    log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

    string requestBody = await new StreamReader(req.Body).ReadToEndAsync();
    await state.AddAsync(requestBody);

    return new OkResult();
}

Isolated process

More samples for the Dapr output state binding are available in the GitHub repository.

:::code language="csharp" source="~/azure-functions-dapr-extension/samples/dotnet-isolated-azurefunction/OutputBinding/StateOutputBinding.cs" range="16-28":::

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-java"

The following example creates a "CreateNewOrderHttpTrigger" function using the DaprStateOutput binding with an HttpTrigger:

@FunctionName("CreateNewOrderHttpTrigger")
public String run(
        @HttpTrigger(
            name = "req",
            methods = {HttpMethod.POST},
            authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
        @DaprStateOutput(
            stateStore = "%StateStoreName%",
            key = "product")
        OutputBinding<String> product,
        final ExecutionContext context) {
    context.getLogger().info("Java HTTP trigger (CreateNewOrderHttpTrigger) processed a request.");
}

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-javascript"

Node.js v4

In the following example, the Dapr state output binding is paired with an HTTP trigger, which is registered by the app object:

const { app, trigger } = require('@azure/functions');

app.generic('StateOutputBinding', {
    trigger: trigger.generic({
        type: 'httpTrigger',
        authLevel: 'anonymous',
        methods: ['POST'],
        route: "state/{key}",
        name: "req"
    }),
    return: daprStateOutput,
    handler: async (request, context) => {
        context.log("Node HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

        const payload = await request.text();
        context.log(JSON.stringify(payload));
        
        return { value : payload };
    }
});

Node.js v3

The following examples show Dapr triggers in a function.json file and JavaScript code that uses those bindings.

Here's the function.json file for daprState output:

{
  "bindings": 
    {
      "type": "daprState",
      "direction": "out",
      "name": "dapr",
      "stateStore": "statestore",
      "key": "{key}",
      "daprAddress": "%daprAddress%"
    }
}

For more information about function.json file properties, see the Configuration section.

Here's the JavaScript code:

module.exports = async function (context, req) {
    context.log('JavaScript HTTP trigger function processed a request.');

    context.bindings.dapr = {
        // stateStore: 'statestore-if-not-in-function.json'
        // key: 'key-if-not-in-function.json'
        value: req.body
    };
};

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-powershell"

The following examples show Dapr triggers in a function.json file and PowerShell code that uses those bindings.

Here's the function.json file for daprState output:

{
  "bindings": 
    {
      "type": "daprState",
      "stateStore": "%StateStoreName%",
      "direction": "out",
      "name": "order",
      "key": "order"
    }
}

For more information about function.json file properties, see the Configuration section.

In code:

using namespace System
using namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs
using namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
using namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Dapr
using namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq

param (
    $payload
)

# C# function processed a CreateNewOrder request from the Dapr Runtime.
Write-Host "PowerShell function processed a CreateNewOrder request from the Dapr Runtime."

# Payload must be of the format { "data": { "value": "some value" } }

# Convert the object to a JSON-formatted string with ConvertTo-Json
$jsonString = $payload| ConvertTo-Json

# Associate values to output bindings by calling 'Push-OutputBinding'.
Push-OutputBinding -Name order -Value $payload["data"]

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-python"

Python v2

The following example shows a Dapr State output binding, which uses the v2 Python programming model. To use daprState in your Python function app code:

import logging
import json
import azure.functions as func

app = func.FunctionApp()

@app.function_name(name="HttpTriggerFunc")
@app.route(route="req", auth_level=dapp.auth_level.ANONYMOUS)
@app.dapr_state_output(arg_name="state", state_store="statestore", key="newOrder")
def main(req: func.HttpRequest, state: func.Out[str] ) -> str:
    # request body must be passed this way '{\"value\": { \"key\": \"some value\" } }'
    body = req.get_body()
    if body is not None:
        state.set(body.decode('utf-8'))
        logging.info(body.decode('utf-8'))
    else:
        logging.info('req body is none')
    return 'ok'

Python v1

The following example shows a Dapr State output binding, which uses the v1 Python programming model.

Here's the function.json file for daprState:

{
  "scriptFile": "__init__.py",
  "bindings": 
    {
      "type": "daprState",
      "stateStore": "%StateStoreName%",
      "direction": "out",
      "name": "order",
      "key": "order"
    }
}

For more information about function.json file properties, see the Configuration section.

Here's the Python code:

import logging
import json
import azure.functions as func

def main(payload,
         order: func.Out[str]) -> None:
    logging.info('Python function processed a CreateNewOrder request from the Dapr Runtime.')  
    payload_json = json.loads(payload)
    logging.info(payload_json["data"])
    order.set(json.dumps(payload_json["data"]))

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-csharp"

Attributes

In-process

In the in-process model, use the DaprState to define a Dapr state output binding, which supports these parameters:

Parameter	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
StateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
Key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
Value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

Isolated process

In the isolated worker model, use the DaprStateOutput to define a Dapr state output binding, which supports these parameters:

Parameter	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
StateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
Key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
Value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️
::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-java"

Annotations

The DaprStateOutput annotation allows you to function access a state store.

Element	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
stateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-javascript, programming-language-powershell, programming-language-python"

Configuration

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-javascript"

Node.js v4

The following table explains the binding configuration properties that you set in the code.

Property	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
stateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

Node.js v3

The following table explains the binding configuration properties that you set in the function.json file.

function.json property	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
stateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-powershell"

The following table explains the binding configuration properties that you set in the function.json file.

function.json property	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
stateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

::: zone-end

::: zone pivot="programming-language-python"

Python v2

The following table explains the binding configuration properties for @dapp.dapr_state_output that you set in your Python code.

Property	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
stateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

Python v1

The following table explains the binding configuration properties that you set in the function.json file.

function.json property	Description	Can be sent via Attribute	Can be sent via RequestBody
stateStore	The name of the state store to save state.	✔️	❌
key	The name of the key to save state within the state store.	✔️	✔️
value	Required. The value being stored.	❌	✔️

::: zone-end

If properties are defined in both Attributes and RequestBody, priority is given to data provided in RequestBody.

See the Example section for complete examples.

Usage

To use the Dapr state output binding, start by setting up a Dapr state store component. You can learn more about which component to use and how to set it up in the official Dapr documentation.

::: zone pivot="programming-language-python"

Python v2

To use the daprState in Python v2, set up your project with the correct dependencies.

Create and activate a virtual environment.
In your requirements.text file, add the following line:
```
azure-functions==1.18.0b3
```
In the terminal, install the Python library.
```
pip install -r .\requirements.txt
```
Modify your local.setting.json file with the following configuration:
```
"PYTHON_ISOLATE_WORKER_DEPENDENCIES":1
```

Python v1

The Python v1 model requires no additional changes, aside from setting up the state store.

::: zone-end

Next steps

Learn more about Dapr state management.

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Dapr State output binding for Azure Functions

Example

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Isolated process

Node.js v4

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Python v2

Python v1

Attributes

In-process

Isolated process

Annotations

Configuration

Node.js v4

Node.js v3

Python v2

Python v1

Usage

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Dapr State output binding for Azure Functions

Example

Attributes

Annotations

Configuration

Usage

Next steps