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support/windows-server/backup-and-storage/windows-server-mpio-troubleshooting.md

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@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ The following sections detail the most common failure modes and provide step-by-
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#### Resolution
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1. Check physical and storage connectivity and switch zoning
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2. Remove ghost or hidden devices in Device Manager (enable "show hidden") or run devnode clean
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3. Uninstall unsupported or duplicate DSMs (Control Panel > Programs and Features)
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4. Restart, reinstall, or re-enable the Multipath-IO feature (Install-WindowsFeature Multipath-IO)
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5. Run:
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1. Remove ghost or hidden devices in Device Manager (enable "show hidden") or run devnode clean
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1. Uninstall unsupported or duplicate DSMs (Control Panel > Programs and Features)
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1. Restart, reinstall, or re-enable the Multipath-IO feature (Install-WindowsFeature Multipath-IO)
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1. Run:
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```console
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mpclaim -e
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```
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Add missing hardware IDs in **MPIO Properties** > **Discover Multi-Paths**.
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6. Open DiskPart:
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1. Open DiskPart:
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```console
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diskpart
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san policy=OnlineAll
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exit
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```
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7. Bring missing disks online in Disk Management or through DiskPart.
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1. Bring missing disks online in Disk Management or through DiskPart.
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### Multipath Failover Delays or Path Flapping
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#### Resolution
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1. Update all storage, HBA, and multipath drivers and firmware.
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2. Set recommended load-balancing policy and failover parameters:
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1. Set recommended load-balancing policy and failover parameters:
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```powershell
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Set-MSDSMGlobalDefaultLoadBalancePolicy -Policy RR
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```
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Restart if prompted to do so.
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3. On clusters, increase disk resource timeouts to tolerate slow failover.
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1. On clusters, increase disk resource timeouts to tolerate slow failover.
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### Cluster disk online pending or resource failure
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#### Resolution
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1. Review cluster logs for timeout or resource errors.
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2. Increase resource timeout in Failover Cluster Manager (default is three minutes, try five minutes or more).
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3. Check for volume snapshots or FSRM quotas that delay bringing resources online.
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4. Clear any cluster dependencies or disk policies that are impeding access.
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1. Increase resource timeout in Failover Cluster Manager (default is three minutes, try five minutes or more).
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1. Check for volume snapshots or FSRM quotas that delay bringing resources online.
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1. Clear any cluster dependencies or disk policies that are impeding access.
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### 4. **Persistent Disk or Path Errors in Event Log**
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### 4. "Persistent Disk or Path Errors in Event Log"
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#### Symptoms
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#### Resolution
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1. Verify that physical and logical paths exist and are healthy.
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2. Update storage firmware and drivers.
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3. For Event ID 158, reset disk GUIDs on VHDs by using:
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1. Update storage firmware and drivers.
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1. For Event ID 158, reset disk GUIDs on VHDs by using:
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```powershell
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Set-VHD -Path \<VHD-Path> -ResetDiskIdentifier
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```
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4. For repeated errors with third-party DSMs: Consult storage vendor, or migrate to supported native DSM.
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1. For repeated errors with third-party DSMs: Consult storage vendor, or migrate to supported native DSM.
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### Duplicate disks or wrong disk order
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1. Make sure that only one multipath solution is attached (remove unsupported DSMs, restart, and then reinstall or reconfigure MPIO).
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2. Disk order in Windows is nondeterministic. For applications, use persistent identifiers (GUID/UUID/WWN) instead of disk number or drive letter.
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1. Disk order in Windows is nondeterministic. For applications, use persistent identifiers (GUID/UUID/WWN) instead of disk number or drive letter.
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### Performance and latency issues, high disk IO waits
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logman create counter PerfLog -o C:\PerfLog.blg -f bincirc ...
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```
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2. Check for security or antivirus scans on storage volumes (exclude or temporarily disable to test the effect).
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3. Update drivers, firmware, and the OS.
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4. Use 64K allocation units for data volumes. Distribute disks across multiple controllers, if possible.
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1. Check for security or antivirus scans on storage volumes (exclude or temporarily disable to test the effect).
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1. Update drivers, firmware, and the OS.
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1. Use 64K allocation units for data volumes. Distribute disks across multiple controllers, if possible.
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### Cluster disk disappears after an expansion or resize
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#### Resolution
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1. Bring affected cluster role offline, then online (or move role to another node).
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2. Use DiskPart on the owner node to rescan and extend filesystem during maintenance:
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1. Use DiskPart on the owner node to rescan and extend filesystem during maintenance:
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```console
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diskpart
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mpclaim -n -d
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```
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2. If the command is unsuccessful, a restart is required.
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3. Make sure that MPIO, DSM, and Storport are up to date.
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1. If the command is unsuccessful, a restart is required.
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1. Make sure that MPIO, DSM, and Storport are up to date.
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### Known bug and ICM or product defect scenarios
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#### Symptoms
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- Persistent failover problems
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- Event 153 or 129, despite all fixes
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- Documented "wont fix" scenarios in the OS version
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- Documented "won't fix" scenarios in the OS version
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#### Resolution
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1. Verify with Microsoft Support or vendor documentation all bug and ICM IDs.
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2. Implement documented workarounds.
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3. Upgrade to latest supported Windows Server build if a fix is available (for example, from 2019 to 2022 for known MPIO bugs).
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1. Implement documented workarounds.
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1. Upgrade to latest supported Windows Server build if a fix is available (for example, from 2019 to 2022 for known MPIO bugs).
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## Common issues quick reference table
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@@ -253,18 +253,18 @@ When issues persist after basic troubleshooting, use these steps to gather diagn
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- **Procmon (Process Monitor):** Trace "ACCESS DENIED" registry or file system events
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- **PowerShell:**
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- Get-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName \<YourVMName>
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- Import-VM for import verification and error export.
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- Set-VMFirmware -VMName \<VMName> -SystemUUID ([guid]::NewGuid()) for UUID management
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- Get-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName \<YourVMName>
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- Import-VM for import verification and error export.
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- Set-VMFirmware -VMName \<VMName> -SystemUUID ([guid]::NewGuid()) for UUID management
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- **System and cluster logs:**
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- Windows Event Viewer: Collect logs from Hyper-V VMMS, cluster services, and storage
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- Cluster validation reports
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- Windows Event Viewer: Collect logs from Hyper-V VMMS, cluster services, and storage
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- Cluster validation reports
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- **Registry Editor:** Audit permissions under HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Virtualization\Worker
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- **Command Line:**
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- sfc /scannow
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- DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
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- bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype auto
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- gpupdate /force
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- sfc /scannow
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- DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
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- bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype auto
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- gpupdate /force
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- **BIOS/UEFI:** screenshots or settings exports
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- **Minidump files** after blue screen
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- **Network trace logs** if connectivity issues exist

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