Refresh Get-Process style/formatting and examples

This fixes incorrect markdown formatting and adds link references.

This also ensures Get-Process output examples correctly reflect the PS
version targeted by the doc. E.g., Windows PS v5.1 includes Handles in
its default table view. This was removed in PS v6.0. See PS issue 1812.
Windows PS v5.1 uses (K) in its table view; PS v6.0+ uses (M).

Named parameters are added where appropriate.

Minor verbiage changes and added notes have also been made.

Author: surfingoldelephant