inspect.js

'use strict';

const {
  Array,
  ArrayBuffer,
  ArrayBufferPrototype,
  ArrayIsArray,
  ArrayPrototype,
  ArrayPrototypeFilter,
  ArrayPrototypeForEach,
  ArrayPrototypeIncludes,
  ArrayPrototypeIndexOf,
  ArrayPrototypeJoin,
  ArrayPrototypeMap,
  ArrayPrototypePop,
  ArrayPrototypePush,
  ArrayPrototypePushApply,
  ArrayPrototypeSlice,
  ArrayPrototypeSort,
  ArrayPrototypeSplice,
  ArrayPrototypeUnshift,
  BigIntPrototypeValueOf,
  Boolean,
  BooleanPrototype,
  BooleanPrototypeValueOf,
  DataView,
  DataViewPrototype,
  Date,
  DatePrototype,
  DatePrototypeGetTime,
  DatePrototypeToISOString,
  DatePrototypeToString,
  Error,
  ErrorPrototype,
  ErrorPrototypeToString,
  Function,
  FunctionPrototype,
  FunctionPrototypeBind,
  FunctionPrototypeCall,
  FunctionPrototypeSymbolHasInstance,
  FunctionPrototypeToString,
  JSONStringify,
  Map,
  MapPrototype,
  MapPrototypeEntries,
  MapPrototypeGetSize,
  MathFloor,
  MathMax,
  MathMin,
  MathRound,
  MathSqrt,
  MathTrunc,
  Number,
  NumberIsFinite,
  NumberIsNaN,
  NumberParseFloat,
  NumberParseInt,
  NumberPrototype,
  NumberPrototypeToString,
  NumberPrototypeValueOf,
  Object,
  ObjectAssign,
  ObjectDefineProperty,
  ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor,
  ObjectGetOwnPropertyNames,
  ObjectGetOwnPropertySymbols,
  ObjectGetPrototypeOf,
  ObjectIs,
  ObjectKeys,
  ObjectPrototype,
  ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty,
  ObjectPrototypePropertyIsEnumerable,
  ObjectSeal,
  ObjectSetPrototypeOf,
  Promise,
  PromisePrototype,
  ReflectApply,
  ReflectOwnKeys,
  RegExp,
  RegExpPrototype,
  RegExpPrototypeExec,
  RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace,
  RegExpPrototypeSymbolSplit,
  RegExpPrototypeToString,
  SafeMap,
  SafeSet,
  SafeStringIterator,
  Set,
  SetPrototype,
  SetPrototypeGetSize,
  SetPrototypeValues,
  String,
  StringPrototype,
  StringPrototypeCharCodeAt,
  StringPrototypeCodePointAt,
  StringPrototypeEndsWith,
  StringPrototypeIncludes,
  StringPrototypeIndexOf,
  StringPrototypeLastIndexOf,
  StringPrototypeNormalize,
  StringPrototypePadEnd,
  StringPrototypePadStart,
  StringPrototypeRepeat,
  StringPrototypeReplace,
  StringPrototypeReplaceAll,
  StringPrototypeSlice,
  StringPrototypeSplit,
  StringPrototypeStartsWith,
  StringPrototypeToLowerCase,
  StringPrototypeTrim,
  StringPrototypeValueOf,
  SymbolIterator,
  SymbolPrototypeToString,
  SymbolPrototypeValueOf,
  SymbolToPrimitive,
  SymbolToStringTag,
  TypedArray,
  TypedArrayPrototype,
  TypedArrayPrototypeGetLength,
  TypedArrayPrototypeGetSymbolToStringTag,
  Uint8Array,
  WeakMap,
  WeakMapPrototype,
  WeakSet,
  WeakSetPrototype,
  globalThis,
  uncurryThis,
} = primordials;

const {
  constants: {
    ALL_PROPERTIES,
    ONLY_ENUMERABLE,
    kPending,
    kRejected,
  },
  getOwnNonIndexProperties,
  getPromiseDetails,
  getProxyDetails,
  previewEntries,
  getConstructorName: internalGetConstructorName,
  getExternalValue,
} = internalBinding('util');

const {
  customInspectSymbol,
  isError,
  join,
  removeColors,
} = require('internal/util');

const {
  isStackOverflowError,
} = require('internal/errors');

const {
  isAsyncFunction,
  isGeneratorFunction,
  isAnyArrayBuffer,
  isArrayBuffer,
  isArgumentsObject,
  isBoxedPrimitive,
  isDataView,
  isExternal,
  isMap,
  isMapIterator,
  isModuleNamespaceObject,
  isNativeError,
  isPromise,
  isSet,
  isSetIterator,
  isWeakMap,
  isWeakSet,
  isRegExp,
  isDate,
  isTypedArray,
  isStringObject,
  isNumberObject,
  isBooleanObject,
  isBigIntObject,
} = require('internal/util/types');

const assert = require('internal/assert');

const { BuiltinModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/realm');
const {
  validateObject,
  validateString,
  kValidateObjectAllowArray,
} = require('internal/validators');

let hexSlice;
let internalUrl;

function pathToFileUrlHref(filepath) {
  internalUrl ??= require('internal/url');
  return internalUrl.pathToFileURL(filepath).href;
}

function isURL(value) {
  internalUrl ??= require('internal/url');
  return typeof value.href === 'string' && value instanceof internalUrl.URL;
}

const builtInObjects = new SafeSet(
  ArrayPrototypeFilter(
    ObjectGetOwnPropertyNames(globalThis),
    (e) => RegExpPrototypeExec(/^[A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, e) !== null,
  ),
);

// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-IsHTMLDDA-internal-slot
const isUndetectableObject = (v) => typeof v === 'undefined' && v !== undefined;

// These options must stay in sync with `getUserOptions`. So if any option will
// be added or removed, `getUserOptions` must also be updated accordingly.
const inspectDefaultOptions = ObjectSeal({
  showHidden: false,
  depth: 2,
  colors: false,
  customInspect: true,
  showProxy: false,
  maxArrayLength: 100,
  maxStringLength: 10000,
  breakLength: 80,
  compact: 3,
  sorted: false,
  getters: false,
  numericSeparator: false,
});

const kObjectType = 0;
const kArrayType = 1;
const kArrayExtrasType = 2;

/* eslint-disable no-control-regex */
const strEscapeSequencesRegExp = /[\x00-\x1f\x27\x5c\x7f-\x9f]|[\ud800-\udbff](?![\udc00-\udfff])|(?<![\ud800-\udbff])[\udc00-\udfff]/;
const strEscapeSequencesReplacer = /[\x00-\x1f\x27\x5c\x7f-\x9f]|[\ud800-\udbff](?![\udc00-\udfff])|(?<![\ud800-\udbff])[\udc00-\udfff]/g;
const strEscapeSequencesRegExpSingle = /[\x00-\x1f\x5c\x7f-\x9f]|[\ud800-\udbff](?![\udc00-\udfff])|(?<![\ud800-\udbff])[\udc00-\udfff]/;
const strEscapeSequencesReplacerSingle = /[\x00-\x1f\x5c\x7f-\x9f]|[\ud800-\udbff](?![\udc00-\udfff])|(?<![\ud800-\udbff])[\udc00-\udfff]/g;
/* eslint-enable no-control-regex */

const keyStrRegExp = /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/;
const numberRegExp = /^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)$/;

const coreModuleRegExp = /^ {4}at (?:[^/\\(]+ \(|)node:(.+):\d+:\d+\)?$/;
const nodeModulesRegExp = /[/\\]node_modules[/\\](.+?)(?=[/\\])/g;

const classRegExp = /^(\s+[^(]*?)\s*{/;
// eslint-disable-next-line node-core/no-unescaped-regexp-dot
const stripCommentsRegExp = /(\/\/.*?\n)|(\/\*(.|\n)*?\*\/)/g;

const kMinLineLength = 16;

// Constants to map the iterator state.
const kWeak = 0;
const kIterator = 1;
const kMapEntries = 2;

// Escaped control characters (plus the single quote and the backslash). Use
// empty strings to fill up unused entries.
const meta = [
  '\\x00', '\\x01', '\\x02', '\\x03', '\\x04', '\\x05', '\\x06', '\\x07', // x07
  '\\b', '\\t', '\\n', '\\x0B', '\\f', '\\r', '\\x0E', '\\x0F',           // x0F
  '\\x10', '\\x11', '\\x12', '\\x13', '\\x14', '\\x15', '\\x16', '\\x17', // x17
  '\\x18', '\\x19', '\\x1A', '\\x1B', '\\x1C', '\\x1D', '\\x1E', '\\x1F', // x1F
  '', '', '', '', '', '', '', "\\'", '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',      // x2F
  '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',         // x3F
  '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',         // x4F
  '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '\\\\', '', '', '',     // x5F
  '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',         // x6F
  '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '\\x7F',    // x7F
  '\\x80', '\\x81', '\\x82', '\\x83', '\\x84', '\\x85', '\\x86', '\\x87', // x87
  '\\x88', '\\x89', '\\x8A', '\\x8B', '\\x8C', '\\x8D', '\\x8E', '\\x8F', // x8F
  '\\x90', '\\x91', '\\x92', '\\x93', '\\x94', '\\x95', '\\x96', '\\x97', // x97
  '\\x98', '\\x99', '\\x9A', '\\x9B', '\\x9C', '\\x9D', '\\x9E', '\\x9F', // x9F
];

// Regex used for ansi escape code splitting
// Ref: https://github.com/chalk/ansi-regex/blob/f338e1814144efb950276aac84135ff86b72dc8e/index.js
// License: MIT by Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com>
// Matches all ansi escape code sequences in a string
const ansi = new RegExp(
  '[\\u001B\\u009B][[\\]()#;?]*' +
  '(?:(?:(?:(?:;[-a-zA-Z\\d\\/\\#&.:=?%@~_]+)*' +
  '|[a-zA-Z\\d]+(?:;[-a-zA-Z\\d\\/\\#&.:=?%@~_]*)*)?' +
  '(?:\\u0007|\\u001B\\u005C|\\u009C))' +
  '|(?:(?:\\d{1,4}(?:;\\d{0,4})*)?' +
  '[\\dA-PR-TZcf-nq-uy=><~]))', 'g',
);

let getStringWidth;

function getUserOptions(ctx, isCrossContext) {
  const ret = {
    stylize: ctx.stylize,
    showHidden: ctx.showHidden,
    depth: ctx.depth,
    colors: ctx.colors,
    customInspect: ctx.customInspect,
    showProxy: ctx.showProxy,
    maxArrayLength: ctx.maxArrayLength,
    maxStringLength: ctx.maxStringLength,
    breakLength: ctx.breakLength,
    compact: ctx.compact,
    sorted: ctx.sorted,
    getters: ctx.getters,
    numericSeparator: ctx.numericSeparator,
    ...ctx.userOptions,
  };

  // Typically, the target value will be an instance of `Object`. If that is
  // *not* the case, the object may come from another vm.Context, and we want
  // to avoid passing it objects from this Context in that case, so we remove
  // the prototype from the returned object itself + the `stylize()` function,
  // and remove all other non-primitives, including non-primitive user options.
  if (isCrossContext) {
    ObjectSetPrototypeOf(ret, null);
    for (const key of ObjectKeys(ret)) {
      if ((typeof ret[key] === 'object' || typeof ret[key] === 'function') &&
          ret[key] !== null) {
        delete ret[key];
      }
    }
    ret.stylize = ObjectSetPrototypeOf((value, flavour) => {
      let stylized;
      try {
        stylized = `${ctx.stylize(value, flavour)}`;
      } catch {
        // Continue regardless of error.
      }

      if (typeof stylized !== 'string') return value;
      // `stylized` is a string as it should be, which is safe to pass along.
      return stylized;
    }, null);
  }

  return ret;
}

/**
 * Echos the value of any input. Tries to print the value out
 * in the best way possible given the different types.
 * @param {any} value The value to print out.
 * @param {object} opts Optional options object that alters the output.
 */
/* Legacy: value, showHidden, depth, colors */
function inspect(value, opts) {
  // Default options
  const ctx = {
    budget: {},
    indentationLvl: 0,
    seen: [],
    currentDepth: 0,
    stylize: stylizeNoColor,
    showHidden: inspectDefaultOptions.showHidden,
    depth: inspectDefaultOptions.depth,
    colors: inspectDefaultOptions.colors,
    customInspect: inspectDefaultOptions.customInspect,
    showProxy: inspectDefaultOptions.showProxy,
    maxArrayLength: inspectDefaultOptions.maxArrayLength,
    maxStringLength: inspectDefaultOptions.maxStringLength,
    breakLength: inspectDefaultOptions.breakLength,
    compact: inspectDefaultOptions.compact,
    sorted: inspectDefaultOptions.sorted,
    getters: inspectDefaultOptions.getters,
    numericSeparator: inspectDefaultOptions.numericSeparator,
  };
  if (arguments.length > 1) {
    // Legacy...
    if (arguments.length > 2) {
      if (arguments[2] !== undefined) {
        ctx.depth = arguments[2];
      }
      if (arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined) {
        ctx.colors = arguments[3];
      }
    }
    // Set user-specified options
    if (typeof opts === 'boolean') {
      ctx.showHidden = opts;
    } else if (opts) {
      const optKeys = ObjectKeys(opts);
      for (let i = 0; i < optKeys.length; ++i) {
        const key = optKeys[i];
        // TODO(BridgeAR): Find a solution what to do about stylize. Either make
        // this function public or add a new API with a similar or better
        // functionality.
        if (
          ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(inspectDefaultOptions, key) ||
          key === 'stylize') {
          ctx[key] = opts[key];
        } else if (ctx.userOptions === undefined) {
          // This is required to pass through the actual user input.
          ctx.userOptions = opts;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (ctx.colors) ctx.stylize = stylizeWithColor;
  if (ctx.maxArrayLength === null) ctx.maxArrayLength = Infinity;
  if (ctx.maxStringLength === null) ctx.maxStringLength = Infinity;
  return formatValue(ctx, value, 0);
}
inspect.custom = customInspectSymbol;

ObjectDefineProperty(inspect, 'defaultOptions', {
  __proto__: null,
  get() {
    return inspectDefaultOptions;
  },
  set(options) {
    validateObject(options, 'options');
    return ObjectAssign(inspectDefaultOptions, options);
  },
});

// Set Graphics Rendition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#graphics
// Each color consists of an array with the color code as first entry and the
// reset code as second entry.
const defaultFG = 39;
const defaultBG = 49;
inspect.colors = {
  __proto__: null,
  reset: [0, 0],
  bold: [1, 22],
  dim: [2, 22], // Alias: faint
  italic: [3, 23],
  underline: [4, 24],
  blink: [5, 25],
  // Swap foreground and background colors
  inverse: [7, 27], // Alias: swapcolors, swapColors
  hidden: [8, 28], // Alias: conceal
  strikethrough: [9, 29], // Alias: strikeThrough, crossedout, crossedOut
  doubleunderline: [21, 24], // Alias: doubleUnderline
  black: [30, defaultFG],
  red: [31, defaultFG],
  green: [32, defaultFG],
  yellow: [33, defaultFG],
  blue: [34, defaultFG],
  magenta: [35, defaultFG],
  cyan: [36, defaultFG],
  white: [37, defaultFG],
  bgBlack: [40, defaultBG],
  bgRed: [41, defaultBG],
  bgGreen: [42, defaultBG],
  bgYellow: [43, defaultBG],
  bgBlue: [44, defaultBG],
  bgMagenta: [45, defaultBG],
  bgCyan: [46, defaultBG],
  bgWhite: [47, defaultBG],
  framed: [51, 54],
  overlined: [53, 55],
  gray: [90, defaultFG], // Alias: grey, blackBright
  redBright: [91, defaultFG],
  greenBright: [92, defaultFG],
  yellowBright: [93, defaultFG],
  blueBright: [94, defaultFG],
  magentaBright: [95, defaultFG],
  cyanBright: [96, defaultFG],
  whiteBright: [97, defaultFG],
  bgGray: [100, defaultBG], // Alias: bgGrey, bgBlackBright
  bgRedBright: [101, defaultBG],
  bgGreenBright: [102, defaultBG],
  bgYellowBright: [103, defaultBG],
  bgBlueBright: [104, defaultBG],
  bgMagentaBright: [105, defaultBG],
  bgCyanBright: [106, defaultBG],
  bgWhiteBright: [107, defaultBG],
};

function defineColorAlias(target, alias) {
  ObjectDefineProperty(inspect.colors, alias, {
    __proto__: null,
    get() {
      return this[target];
    },
    set(value) {
      this[target] = value;
    },
    configurable: true,
    enumerable: false,
  });
}

defineColorAlias('gray', 'grey');
defineColorAlias('gray', 'blackBright');
defineColorAlias('bgGray', 'bgGrey');
defineColorAlias('bgGray', 'bgBlackBright');
defineColorAlias('dim', 'faint');
defineColorAlias('strikethrough', 'crossedout');
defineColorAlias('strikethrough', 'strikeThrough');
defineColorAlias('strikethrough', 'crossedOut');
defineColorAlias('hidden', 'conceal');
defineColorAlias('inverse', 'swapColors');
defineColorAlias('inverse', 'swapcolors');
defineColorAlias('doubleunderline', 'doubleUnderline');

// TODO(BridgeAR): Add function style support for more complex styles.
// Don't use 'blue' not visible on cmd.exe
inspect.styles = ObjectAssign({ __proto__: null }, {
  special: 'cyan',
  number: 'yellow',
  bigint: 'yellow',
  boolean: 'yellow',
  undefined: 'grey',
  null: 'bold',
  string: 'green',
  symbol: 'green',
  date: 'magenta',
  // "name": intentionally not styling
  // TODO(BridgeAR): Highlight regular expressions properly.
  regexp: 'red',
  module: 'underline',
});

function addQuotes(str, quotes) {
  if (quotes === -1) {
    return `"${str}"`;
  }
  if (quotes === -2) {
    return `\`${str}\``;
  }
  return `'${str}'`;
}

function escapeFn(str) {
  const charCode = StringPrototypeCharCodeAt(str);
  return meta.length > charCode ? meta[charCode] : `\\u${NumberPrototypeToString(charCode, 16)}`;
}

// Escape control characters, single quotes and the backslash.
// This is similar to JSON stringify escaping.
function strEscape(str) {
  let escapeTest = strEscapeSequencesRegExp;
  let escapeReplace = strEscapeSequencesReplacer;
  let singleQuote = 39;

  // Check for double quotes. If not present, do not escape single quotes and
  // instead wrap the text in double quotes. If double quotes exist, check for
  // backticks. If they do not exist, use those as fallback instead of the
  // double quotes.
  if (StringPrototypeIncludes(str, "'")) {
    // This invalidates the charCode and therefore can not be matched for
    // anymore.
    if (!StringPrototypeIncludes(str, '"')) {
      singleQuote = -1;
    } else if (!StringPrototypeIncludes(str, '`') &&
               !StringPrototypeIncludes(str, '${')) {
      singleQuote = -2;
    }
    if (singleQuote !== 39) {
      escapeTest = strEscapeSequencesRegExpSingle;
      escapeReplace = strEscapeSequencesReplacerSingle;
    }
  }

  // Some magic numbers that worked out fine while benchmarking with v8 6.0
  if (str.length < 5000 && RegExpPrototypeExec(escapeTest, str) === null)
    return addQuotes(str, singleQuote);
  if (str.length > 100) {
    str = RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(escapeReplace, str, escapeFn);
    return addQuotes(str, singleQuote);
  }

  let result = '';
  let last = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    const point = StringPrototypeCharCodeAt(str, i);
    if (point === singleQuote ||
        point === 92 ||
        point < 32 ||
        (point > 126 && point < 160)) {
      if (last === i) {
        result += meta[point];
      } else {
        result += `${StringPrototypeSlice(str, last, i)}${meta[point]}`;
      }
      last = i + 1;
    } else if (point >= 0xd800 && point <= 0xdfff) {
      if (point <= 0xdbff && i + 1 < str.length) {
        const point = StringPrototypeCharCodeAt(str, i + 1);
        if (point >= 0xdc00 && point <= 0xdfff) {
          i++;
          continue;
        }
      }
      result += `${StringPrototypeSlice(str, last, i)}\\u${NumberPrototypeToString(point, 16)}`;
      last = i + 1;
    }
  }

  if (last !== str.length) {
    result += StringPrototypeSlice(str, last);
  }
  return addQuotes(result, singleQuote);
}

function stylizeWithColor(str, styleType) {
  const style = inspect.styles[styleType];
  if (style !== undefined) {
    const color = inspect.colors[style];
    if (color !== undefined)
      return `\u001b[${color[0]}m${str}\u001b[${color[1]}m`;
  }
  return str;
}

function stylizeNoColor(str) {
  return str;
}

// Return a new empty array to push in the results of the default formatter.
function getEmptyFormatArray() {
  return [];
}

function isInstanceof(object, proto) {
  try {
    return object instanceof proto;
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
}

// Special-case for some builtin prototypes in case their `constructor` property has been tampered.
const wellKnownPrototypes = new SafeMap()
  .set(ArrayPrototype, { name: 'Array', constructor: Array })
  .set(ArrayBufferPrototype, { name: 'ArrayBuffer', constructor: ArrayBuffer })
  .set(FunctionPrototype, { name: 'Function', constructor: Function })
  .set(MapPrototype, { name: 'Map', constructor: Map })
  .set(SetPrototype, { name: 'Set', constructor: Set })
  .set(ObjectPrototype, { name: 'Object', constructor: Object })
  .set(TypedArrayPrototype, { name: 'TypedArray', constructor: TypedArray })
  .set(RegExpPrototype, { name: 'RegExp', constructor: RegExp })
  .set(DatePrototype, { name: 'Date', constructor: Date })
  .set(DataViewPrototype, { name: 'DataView', constructor: DataView })
  .set(ErrorPrototype, { name: 'Error', constructor: Error })
  .set(BooleanPrototype, { name: 'Boolean', constructor: Boolean })
  .set(NumberPrototype, { name: 'Number', constructor: Number })
  .set(StringPrototype, { name: 'String', constructor: String })
  .set(PromisePrototype, { name: 'Promise', constructor: Promise })
  .set(WeakMapPrototype, { name: 'WeakMap', constructor: WeakMap })
  .set(WeakSetPrototype, { name: 'WeakSet', constructor: WeakSet });

function getConstructorName(obj, ctx, recurseTimes, protoProps) {
  let firstProto;
  const tmp = obj;
  while (obj || isUndetectableObject(obj)) {
    const wellKnownPrototypeNameAndConstructor = wellKnownPrototypes.get(obj);
    if (wellKnownPrototypeNameAndConstructor !== undefined) {
      const { name, constructor } = wellKnownPrototypeNameAndConstructor;
      if (FunctionPrototypeSymbolHasInstance(constructor, tmp)) {
        if (protoProps !== undefined && firstProto !== obj) {
          addPrototypeProperties(
            ctx, tmp, firstProto || tmp, recurseTimes, protoProps);
        }
        return name;
      }
    }
    const descriptor = ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, 'constructor');
    if (descriptor !== undefined &&
        typeof descriptor.value === 'function' &&
        descriptor.value.name !== '' &&
        isInstanceof(tmp, descriptor.value)) {
      if (protoProps !== undefined &&
         (firstProto !== obj ||
         !builtInObjects.has(descriptor.value.name))) {
        addPrototypeProperties(
          ctx, tmp, firstProto || tmp, recurseTimes, protoProps);
      }
      return String(descriptor.value.name);
    }

    obj = ObjectGetPrototypeOf(obj);
    if (firstProto === undefined) {
      firstProto = obj;
    }
  }

  if (firstProto === null) {
    return null;
  }

  const res = internalGetConstructorName(tmp);

  if (recurseTimes > ctx.depth && ctx.depth !== null) {
    return `${res} <Complex prototype>`;
  }

  const protoConstr = getConstructorName(
    firstProto, ctx, recurseTimes + 1, protoProps);

  if (protoConstr === null) {
    return `${res} <${inspect(firstProto, {
      ...ctx,
      customInspect: false,
      depth: -1,
    })}>`;
  }

  return `${res} <${protoConstr}>`;
}

// This function has the side effect of adding prototype properties to the
// `output` argument (which is an array). This is intended to highlight user
// defined prototype properties.
function addPrototypeProperties(ctx, main, obj, recurseTimes, output) {
  let depth = 0;
  let keys;
  let keySet;
  do {
    if (depth !== 0 || main === obj) {
      obj = ObjectGetPrototypeOf(obj);
      // Stop as soon as a null prototype is encountered.
      if (obj === null) {
        return;
      }
      // Stop as soon as a built-in object type is detected.
      const descriptor = ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, 'constructor');
      if (descriptor !== undefined &&
          typeof descriptor.value === 'function' &&
          builtInObjects.has(descriptor.value.name)) {
        return;
      }
    }

    if (depth === 0) {
      keySet = new SafeSet();
    } else {
      ArrayPrototypeForEach(keys, (key) => keySet.add(key));
    }
    // Get all own property names and symbols.
    keys = ReflectOwnKeys(obj);
    ArrayPrototypePush(ctx.seen, main);
    for (const key of keys) {
      // Ignore the `constructor` property and keys that exist on layers above.
      if (key === 'constructor' ||
          ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(main, key) ||
          (depth !== 0 && keySet.has(key))) {
        continue;
      }
      const desc = ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
      if (typeof desc.value === 'function') {
        continue;
      }
      const value = formatProperty(
        ctx, obj, recurseTimes, key, kObjectType, desc, main);
      if (ctx.colors) {
        // Faint!
        ArrayPrototypePush(output, `\u001b[2m${value}\u001b[22m`);
      } else {
        ArrayPrototypePush(output, value);
      }
    }
    ArrayPrototypePop(ctx.seen);
  // Limit the inspection to up to three prototype layers. Using `recurseTimes`
  // is not a good choice here, because it's as if the properties are declared
  // on the current object from the users perspective.
  } while (++depth !== 3);
}

/** @type {(constructor: string, tag: string, fallback: string, size?: string) => string} */
function getPrefix(constructor, tag, fallback, size = '') {
  if (constructor === null) {
    if (tag !== '' && fallback !== tag) {
      return `[${fallback}${size}: null prototype] [${tag}] `;
    }
    return `[${fallback}${size}: null prototype] `;
  }

  if (tag !== '' && constructor !== tag) {
    return `${constructor}${size} [${tag}] `;
  }
  return `${constructor}${size} `;
}

// Look up the keys of the object.
function getKeys(value, showHidden) {
  let keys;
  const symbols = ObjectGetOwnPropertySymbols(value);
  if (showHidden) {
    keys = ObjectGetOwnPropertyNames(value);
    if (symbols.length !== 0)
      ArrayPrototypePushApply(keys, symbols);
  } else {
    // This might throw if `value` is a Module Namespace Object from an
    // unevaluated module, but we don't want to perform the actual type
    // check because it's expensive.
    // TODO(devsnek): track https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/issues/1209
    // and modify this logic as needed.
    try {
      keys = ObjectKeys(value);
    } catch (err) {
      assert(isNativeError(err) && err.name === 'ReferenceError' &&
             isModuleNamespaceObject(value));
      keys = ObjectGetOwnPropertyNames(value);
    }
    if (symbols.length !== 0) {
      const filter = (key) => ObjectPrototypePropertyIsEnumerable(value, key);
      ArrayPrototypePushApply(keys, ArrayPrototypeFilter(symbols, filter));
    }
  }
  return keys;
}

function getCtxStyle(value, constructor, tag) {
  let fallback = '';
  if (constructor === null) {
    fallback = internalGetConstructorName(value);
    if (fallback === tag) {
      fallback = 'Object';
    }
  }
  return getPrefix(constructor, tag, fallback);
}

function formatProxy(ctx, proxy, recurseTimes) {
  if (recurseTimes > ctx.depth && ctx.depth !== null) {
    return ctx.stylize('Proxy [Array]', 'special');
  }
  recurseTimes += 1;
  ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
  const res = [
    formatValue(ctx, proxy[0], recurseTimes),
    formatValue(ctx, proxy[1], recurseTimes),
  ];
  ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
  return reduceToSingleString(
    ctx, res, '', ['Proxy [', ']'], kArrayExtrasType, recurseTimes);
}

// Note: using `formatValue` directly requires the indentation level to be
// corrected by setting `ctx.indentationLvL += diff` and then to decrease the
// value afterwards again.
function formatValue(ctx, value, recurseTimes, typedArray) {
  // Primitive types cannot have properties.
  if (typeof value !== 'object' &&
      typeof value !== 'function' &&
      !isUndetectableObject(value)) {
    return formatPrimitive(ctx.stylize, value, ctx);
  }
  if (value === null) {
    return ctx.stylize('null', 'null');
  }

  // Memorize the context for custom inspection on proxies.
  const context = value;
  // Always check for proxies to prevent side effects and to prevent triggering
  // any proxy handlers.
  const proxy = getProxyDetails(value, !!ctx.showProxy);
  if (proxy !== undefined) {
    if (proxy === null || proxy[0] === null) {
      return ctx.stylize('<Revoked Proxy>', 'special');
    }
    if (ctx.showProxy) {
      return formatProxy(ctx, proxy, recurseTimes);
    }
    value = proxy;
  }

  // Provide a hook for user-specified inspect functions.
  // Check that value is an object with an inspect function on it.
  if (ctx.customInspect) {
    const maybeCustom = value[customInspectSymbol];
    if (typeof maybeCustom === 'function' &&
        // Filter out the util module, its inspect function is special.
        maybeCustom !== inspect &&
        // Also filter out any prototype objects using the circular check.
        ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, 'constructor')?.value?.prototype !== value) {
      // This makes sure the recurseTimes are reported as before while using
      // a counter internally.
      const depth = ctx.depth === null ? null : ctx.depth - recurseTimes;
      const isCrossContext =
        proxy !== undefined || !FunctionPrototypeSymbolHasInstance(Object, context);
      const ret = FunctionPrototypeCall(
        maybeCustom,
        context,
        depth,
        getUserOptions(ctx, isCrossContext),
        inspect,
      );
      // If the custom inspection method returned `this`, don't go into
      // infinite recursion.
      if (ret !== context) {
        if (typeof ret !== 'string') {
          return formatValue(ctx, ret, recurseTimes);
        }
        return StringPrototypeReplaceAll(ret, '\n', `\n${StringPrototypeRepeat(' ', ctx.indentationLvl)}`);
      }
    }
  }

  // Using an array here is actually better for the average case than using
  // a Set. `seen` will only check for the depth and will never grow too large.
  if (ctx.seen.includes(value)) {
    let index = 1;
    if (ctx.circular === undefined) {
      ctx.circular = new SafeMap();
      ctx.circular.set(value, index);
    } else {
      index = ctx.circular.get(value);
      if (index === undefined) {
        index = ctx.circular.size + 1;
        ctx.circular.set(value, index);
      }
    }
    return ctx.stylize(`[Circular *${index}]`, 'special');
  }

  return formatRaw(ctx, value, recurseTimes, typedArray);
}

function formatRaw(ctx, value, recurseTimes, typedArray) {
  let keys;
  let protoProps;
  if (ctx.showHidden && (recurseTimes <= ctx.depth || ctx.depth === null)) {
    protoProps = [];
  }

  const constructor = getConstructorName(value, ctx, recurseTimes, protoProps);
  // Reset the variable to check for this later on.
  if (protoProps !== undefined && protoProps.length === 0) {
    protoProps = undefined;
  }

  let tag = value[SymbolToStringTag];
  // Only list the tag in case it's non-enumerable / not an own property.
  // Otherwise we'd print this twice.
  if (typeof tag !== 'string' ||
      (tag !== '' &&
      (ctx.showHidden ?
        ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty :
        ObjectPrototypePropertyIsEnumerable)(
        value, SymbolToStringTag,
      ))) {
    tag = '';
  }
  let base = '';
  let formatter = getEmptyFormatArray;
  let braces;
  let noIterator = true;
  let i = 0;
  const filter = ctx.showHidden ? ALL_PROPERTIES : ONLY_ENUMERABLE;

  let extrasType = kObjectType;

  // Iterators and the rest are split to reduce checks.
  // We have to check all values in case the constructor is set to null.
  // Otherwise it would not possible to identify all types properly.
  if (SymbolIterator in value || constructor === null) {
    noIterator = false;
    if (ArrayIsArray(value)) {
      // Only set the constructor for non ordinary ("Array [...]") arrays.
      const prefix = (constructor !== 'Array' || tag !== '') ?
        getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Array', `(${value.length})`) :
        '';
      keys = getOwnNonIndexProperties(value, filter);
      braces = [`${prefix}[`, ']'];
      if (value.length === 0 && keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined)
        return `${braces[0]}]`;
      extrasType = kArrayExtrasType;
      formatter = formatArray;
    } else if (isSet(value)) {
      const size = SetPrototypeGetSize(value);
      const prefix = getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Set', `(${size})`);
      keys = getKeys(value, ctx.showHidden);
      formatter = constructor !== null ?
        FunctionPrototypeBind(formatSet, null, value) :
        FunctionPrototypeBind(formatSet, null, SetPrototypeValues(value));
      if (size === 0 && keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined)
        return `${prefix}{}`;
      braces = [`${prefix}{`, '}'];
    } else if (isMap(value)) {
      const size = MapPrototypeGetSize(value);
      const prefix = getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Map', `(${size})`);
      keys = getKeys(value, ctx.showHidden);
      formatter = constructor !== null ?
        FunctionPrototypeBind(formatMap, null, value) :
        FunctionPrototypeBind(formatMap, null, MapPrototypeEntries(value));
      if (size === 0 && keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined)
        return `${prefix}{}`;
      braces = [`${prefix}{`, '}'];
    } else if (isTypedArray(value)) {
      keys = getOwnNonIndexProperties(value, filter);
      let bound = value;
      let fallback = '';
      if (constructor === null) {
        fallback = TypedArrayPrototypeGetSymbolToStringTag(value);
        // Reconstruct the array information.
        bound = new primordials[fallback](value);
      }
      const size = TypedArrayPrototypeGetLength(value);
      const prefix = getPrefix(constructor, tag, fallback, `(${size})`);
      braces = [`${prefix}[`, ']'];
      if (value.length === 0 && keys.length === 0 && !ctx.showHidden)
        return `${braces[0]}]`;
      // Special handle the value. The original value is required below. The
      // bound function is required to reconstruct missing information.
      formatter = FunctionPrototypeBind(formatTypedArray, null, bound, size);
      extrasType = kArrayExtrasType;
    } else if (isMapIterator(value)) {
      keys = getKeys(value, ctx.showHidden);
      braces = getIteratorBraces('Map', tag);
      // Add braces to the formatter parameters.
      formatter = FunctionPrototypeBind(formatIterator, null, braces);
    } else if (isSetIterator(value)) {
      keys = getKeys(value, ctx.showHidden);
      braces = getIteratorBraces('Set', tag);
      // Add braces to the formatter parameters.
      formatter = FunctionPrototypeBind(formatIterator, null, braces);
    } else {
      noIterator = true;
    }
  }
  if (noIterator) {
    keys = getKeys(value, ctx.showHidden);
    braces = ['{', '}'];
    if (typeof value === 'function') {
      base = getFunctionBase(ctx, value, constructor, tag);
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined)
        return ctx.stylize(base, 'special');
    } else if (constructor === 'Object') {
      if (isArgumentsObject(value)) {
        braces[0] = '[Arguments] {';
      } else if (tag !== '') {
        braces[0] = `${getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Object')}{`;
      }
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) {
        return `${braces[0]}}`;
      }
    } else if (isRegExp(value)) {
      // Make RegExps say that they are RegExps
      base = RegExpPrototypeToString(
        constructor !== null ? value : new RegExp(value),
      );
      const prefix = getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'RegExp');
      if (prefix !== 'RegExp ')
        base = `${prefix}${base}`;
      if ((keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) ||
          (recurseTimes > ctx.depth && ctx.depth !== null)) {
        return ctx.stylize(base, 'regexp');
      }
    } else if (isDate(value)) {
      // Make dates with properties first say the date
      base = NumberIsNaN(DatePrototypeGetTime(value)) ?
        DatePrototypeToString(value) :
        DatePrototypeToISOString(value);
      const prefix = getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Date');
      if (prefix !== 'Date ')
        base = `${prefix}${base}`;
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) {
        return ctx.stylize(base, 'date');
      }
    } else if (isError(value)) {
      base = formatError(value, constructor, tag, ctx, keys);
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined)
        return base;
    } else if (isAnyArrayBuffer(value)) {
      // Fast path for ArrayBuffer and SharedArrayBuffer.
      // Can't do the same for DataView because it has a non-primitive
      // .buffer property that we need to recurse for.
      const arrayType = isArrayBuffer(value) ? 'ArrayBuffer' :
        'SharedArrayBuffer';
      const prefix = getPrefix(constructor, tag, arrayType);
      if (typedArray === undefined) {
        formatter = formatArrayBuffer;
      } else if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) {
        return prefix +
              `{ byteLength: ${formatNumber(ctx.stylize, value.byteLength, false)} }`;
      }
      braces[0] = `${prefix}{`;
      ArrayPrototypeUnshift(keys, 'byteLength');
    } else if (isDataView(value)) {
      braces[0] = `${getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'DataView')}{`;
      // .buffer goes last, it's not a primitive like the others.
      ArrayPrototypeUnshift(keys, 'byteLength', 'byteOffset', 'buffer');
    } else if (isPromise(value)) {
      braces[0] = `${getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Promise')}{`;
      formatter = formatPromise;
    } else if (isWeakSet(value)) {
      braces[0] = `${getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'WeakSet')}{`;
      formatter = ctx.showHidden ? formatWeakSet : formatWeakCollection;
    } else if (isWeakMap(value)) {
      braces[0] = `${getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'WeakMap')}{`;
      formatter = ctx.showHidden ? formatWeakMap : formatWeakCollection;
    } else if (isModuleNamespaceObject(value)) {
      braces[0] = `${getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Module')}{`;
      // Special handle keys for namespace objects.
      formatter = formatNamespaceObject.bind(null, keys);
    } else if (isBoxedPrimitive(value)) {
      base = getBoxedBase(value, ctx, keys, constructor, tag);
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) {
        return base;
      }
    } else if (isURL(value) && !(recurseTimes > ctx.depth && ctx.depth !== null)) {
      base = value.href;
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) {
        return base;
      }
    } else {
      if (keys.length === 0 && protoProps === undefined) {
        if (isExternal(value)) {
          const address = getExternalValue(value).toString(16);
          return ctx.stylize(`[External: ${address}]`, 'special');
        }
        return `${getCtxStyle(value, constructor, tag)}{}`;
      }
      braces[0] = `${getCtxStyle(value, constructor, tag)}{`;
    }
  }

  if (recurseTimes > ctx.depth && ctx.depth !== null) {
    let constructorName = StringPrototypeSlice(getCtxStyle(value, constructor, tag), 0, -1);
    if (constructor !== null)
      constructorName = `[${constructorName}]`;
    return ctx.stylize(constructorName, 'special');
  }
  recurseTimes += 1;

  ctx.seen.push(value);
  ctx.currentDepth = recurseTimes;
  let output;
  const indentationLvl = ctx.indentationLvl;
  try {
    output = formatter(ctx, value, recurseTimes);
    for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
      ArrayPrototypePush(
        output,
        formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, keys[i], extrasType),
      );
    }
    if (protoProps !== undefined) {
      ArrayPrototypePushApply(output, protoProps);
    }
  } catch (err) {
    if (!isStackOverflowError(err)) throw err;
    const constructorName = StringPrototypeSlice(getCtxStyle(value, constructor, tag), 0, -1);
    return handleMaxCallStackSize(ctx, err, constructorName, indentationLvl);
  }
  if (ctx.circular !== undefined) {
    const index = ctx.circular.get(value);
    if (index !== undefined) {
      const reference = ctx.stylize(`<ref *${index}>`, 'special');
      // Add reference always to the very beginning of the output.
      if (ctx.compact !== true) {
        base = base === '' ? reference : `${reference} ${base}`;
      } else {
        braces[0] = `${reference} ${braces[0]}`;
      }
    }
  }
  ctx.seen.pop();

  if (ctx.sorted) {
    const comparator = ctx.sorted === true ? undefined : ctx.sorted;
    if (extrasType === kObjectType) {
      ArrayPrototypeSort(output, comparator);
    } else if (keys.length > 1) {
      const sorted = ArrayPrototypeSort(ArrayPrototypeSlice(output, output.length - keys.length), comparator);
      ArrayPrototypeUnshift(sorted, output, output.length - keys.length, keys.length);
      ReflectApply(ArrayPrototypeSplice, null, sorted);
    }
  }

  const res = reduceToSingleString(
    ctx, output, base, braces, extrasType, recurseTimes, value);
  const budget = ctx.budget[ctx.indentationLvl] || 0;
  const newLength = budget + res.length;
  ctx.budget[ctx.indentationLvl] = newLength;
  // If any indentationLvl exceeds this limit, limit further inspecting to the
  // minimum. Otherwise the recursive algorithm might continue inspecting the
  // object even though the maximum string size (~2 ** 28 on 32 bit systems and
  // ~2 ** 30 on 64 bit systems) exceeded. The actual output is not limited at
  // exactly 2 ** 27 but a bit higher. This depends on the object shape.
  // This limit also makes sure that huge objects don't block the event loop
  // significantly.
  if (newLength > 2 ** 27) {
    ctx.depth = -1;
  }
  return res;
}

function getIteratorBraces(type, tag) {
  if (tag !== `${type} Iterator`) {
    if (tag !== '')
      tag += '] [';
    tag += `${type} Iterator`;
  }
  return [`[${tag}] {`, '}'];
}

function getBoxedBase(value, ctx, keys, constructor, tag) {
  let fn;
  let type;
  if (isNumberObject(value)) {
    fn = NumberPrototypeValueOf;
    type = 'Number';
  } else if (isStringObject(value)) {
    fn = StringPrototypeValueOf;
    type = 'String';
    // For boxed Strings, we have to remove the 0-n indexed entries,
    // since they just noisy up the output and are redundant
    // Make boxed primitive Strings look like such
    keys.splice(0, value.length);
  } else if (isBooleanObject(value)) {
    fn = BooleanPrototypeValueOf;
    type = 'Boolean';
  } else if (isBigIntObject(value)) {
    fn = BigIntPrototypeValueOf;
    type = 'BigInt';
  } else {
    fn = SymbolPrototypeValueOf;
    type = 'Symbol';
  }
  let base = `[${type}`;
  if (type !== constructor) {
    if (constructor === null) {
      base += ' (null prototype)';
    } else {
      base += ` (${constructor})`;
    }
  }
  base += `: ${formatPrimitive(stylizeNoColor, fn(value), ctx)}]`;
  if (tag !== '' && tag !== constructor) {
    base += ` [${tag}]`;
  }
  if (keys.length !== 0 || ctx.stylize === stylizeNoColor)
    return base;
  return ctx.stylize(base, StringPrototypeToLowerCase(type));
}

function getClassBase(value, constructor, tag) {
  const hasName = ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(value, 'name');
  const name = (hasName && value.name) || '(anonymous)';
  let base = `class ${name}`;
  if (constructor !== 'Function' && constructor !== null) {
    base += ` [${constructor}]`;
  }
  if (tag !== '' && constructor !== tag) {
    base += ` [${tag}]`;
  }
  if (constructor !== null) {
    const superName = ObjectGetPrototypeOf(value).name;
    if (superName) {
      base += ` extends ${superName}`;
    }
  } else {
    base += ' extends [null prototype]';
  }
  return `[${base}]`;
}

function getFunctionBase(ctx, value, constructor, tag) {
  const stringified = FunctionPrototypeToString(value);
  if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(stringified, 'class') && stringified[stringified.length - 1] === '}') {
    const slice = StringPrototypeSlice(stringified, 5, -1);
    const bracketIndex = StringPrototypeIndexOf(slice, '{');
    if (bracketIndex !== -1 &&
        (!StringPrototypeIncludes(StringPrototypeSlice(slice, 0, bracketIndex), '(') ||
        // Slow path to guarantee that it's indeed a class.
        RegExpPrototypeExec(classRegExp, RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(stripCommentsRegExp, slice)) !== null)
    ) {
      return getClassBase(value, constructor, tag);
    }
  }
  let type = 'Function';
  if (isGeneratorFunction(value)) {
    type = `Generator${type}`;
  }
  if (isAsyncFunction(value)) {
    type = `Async${type}`;
  }
  let base = `[${type}`;
  if (constructor === null) {
    base += ' (null prototype)';
  }
  if (value.name === '') {
    base += ' (anonymous)';
  } else {
    base += `: ${typeof value.name === 'string' ? value.name : formatValue(ctx, value.name)}`;
  }
  base += ']';
  if (constructor !== type && constructor !== null) {
    base += ` ${constructor}`;
  }
  if (tag !== '' && constructor !== tag) {
    base += ` [${tag}]`;
  }
  return base;
}

function identicalSequenceRange(a, b) {
  for (let i = 0; i < a.length - 3; i++) {
    // Find the first entry of b that matches the current entry of a.
    const pos = ArrayPrototypeIndexOf(b, a[i]);
    if (pos !== -1) {
      const rest = b.length - pos;
      if (rest > 3) {
        let len = 1;
        const maxLen = MathMin(a.length - i, rest);
        // Count the number of consecutive entries.
        while (maxLen > len && a[i + len] === b[pos + len]) {
          len++;
        }
        if (len > 3) {
          return [len, i];
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return [0, 0];
}

function getDuplicateErrorFrameRanges(frames) {
  // Build a map: frame line -> sorted list of indices where it occurs
  const result = [];
  const lineToPositions = new SafeMap();

  for (let i = 0; i < frames.length; i++) {
    const positions = lineToPositions.get(frames[i]);
    if (positions === undefined) {
      lineToPositions.set(frames[i], [i]);
    } else {
      positions[positions.length] = i;
    }
  }

  const minimumDuplicateRange = 3;
  // Not enough duplicate lines to consider collapsing
  if (frames.length - lineToPositions.size <= minimumDuplicateRange) {
    return result;
  }

  for (let i = 0; i < frames.length - minimumDuplicateRange; i++) {
    const positions = lineToPositions.get(frames[i]);
    // Find the next occurrence of the same line after i, if any
    if (positions.length === 1 || positions[positions.length - 1] === i) {
      continue;
    }

    const current = positions.indexOf(i) + 1;
    if (current === positions.length) {
      continue;
    }

    // Theoretical maximum range, adjusted while iterating
    let range = positions[positions.length - 1] - i;
    if (range < minimumDuplicateRange) {
      continue;
    }
    let extraSteps;
    if (current + 1 < positions.length) {
      // Optimize initial step size by choosing the greatest common divisor (GCD)
      // of all candidate distances to the same frame line. This tends to match
      // the true repeating block size and minimizes fallback iterations.
      let gcdRange = 0;
      for (let j = current; j < positions.length; j++) {
        let distance = positions[j] - i;
        while (distance !== 0) {
          const remainder = gcdRange % distance;
          if (gcdRange !== 0) {
            // Add other possible ranges as fallback
            extraSteps ??= new SafeSet();
            extraSteps.add(gcdRange);
          }
          gcdRange = distance;
          distance = remainder;
        }
        if (gcdRange === 1) break;
      }
      range = gcdRange;
      if (extraSteps) {
        extraSteps.delete(range);
        extraSteps = [...extraSteps];
      }
    }
    let maxRange = range;
    let maxDuplicates = 0;

    let duplicateRanges = 0;

    for (let nextStart = i + range; /* ignored */ ; nextStart += range) {
      let equalFrames = 0;
      for (let j = 0; j < range; j++) {
        if (frames[i + j] !== frames[nextStart + j]) {
          break;
        }
        equalFrames++;
      }
      // Adjust the range to match different type of ranges.
      if (equalFrames !== range) {
        if (!extraSteps?.length) {
          break;
        }
        // Memorize former range in case the smaller one would hide less.
        if (duplicateRanges !== 0 && maxRange * maxDuplicates < range * duplicateRanges) {
          maxRange = range;
          maxDuplicates = duplicateRanges;
        }
        range = extraSteps.pop();
        nextStart = i;
        duplicateRanges = 0;
        continue;
      }
      duplicateRanges++;
    }

    if (maxDuplicates !== 0 && maxRange * maxDuplicates >= range * duplicateRanges) {
      range = maxRange;
      duplicateRanges = maxDuplicates;
    }

    if (duplicateRanges * range >= 3) {
      result.push(i + range, range, duplicateRanges);
      // Skip over the collapsed portion to avoid overlapping matches.
      i += range * (duplicateRanges + 1) - 1;
    }
  }

  return result;
}

function getStackString(ctx, error) {
  if (error.stack) {
    if (typeof error.stack === 'string') {
      return error.stack;
    }
    ctx.seen.push(error);
    ctx.indentationLvl += 4;
    const result = formatValue(ctx, error.stack);
    ctx.indentationLvl -= 4;
    ctx.seen.pop();
    return `${ErrorPrototypeToString(error)}\n    ${result}`;
  }
  return ErrorPrototypeToString(error);
}

function getStackFrames(ctx, err, stack) {
  const frames = StringPrototypeSplit(stack, '\n');

  let cause;
  try {
    ({ cause } = err);
  } catch {
    // If 'cause' is a getter that throws, ignore it.
  }

  // Remove stack frames identical to frames in cause.
  if (cause != null && isError(cause)) {
    const causeStack = getStackString(ctx, cause);
    const causeStackStart = StringPrototypeIndexOf(causeStack, '\n    at');
    if (causeStackStart !== -1) {
      const causeFrames = StringPrototypeSplit(StringPrototypeSlice(causeStack, causeStackStart + 1), '\n');
      const { 0: len, 1: offset } = identicalSequenceRange(frames, causeFrames);
      if (len > 0) {
        const skipped = len - 2;
        const msg = `    ... ${skipped} lines matching cause stack trace ...`;
        frames.splice(offset + 1, skipped, ctx.stylize(msg, 'undefined'));
      }
    }
  }

  // Remove recursive repetitive stack frames in long stacks
  if (frames.length > 10) {
    const ranges = getDuplicateErrorFrameRanges(frames);

    for (let i = ranges.length - 3; i >= 0; i -= 3) {
      const offset = ranges[i];
      const length = ranges[i + 1];
      const duplicateRanges = ranges[i + 2];

      const msg = `    ... collapsed ${length * duplicateRanges} duplicate lines ` +
        'matching above ' +
        (duplicateRanges > 1 ?
          `${length} lines ${duplicateRanges} times...` :
          'lines ...');
      frames.splice(offset, length * duplicateRanges, ctx.stylize(msg, 'undefined'));
    }
  }

  return frames;
}

/** @type {(stack: string, constructor: string | null, name: unknown, tag: string) => string} */
function improveStack(stack, constructor, name, tag) {
  // A stack trace may contain arbitrary data. Only manipulate the output
  // for "regular errors" (errors that "look normal") for now.
  let len = name.length;

  if (typeof name !== 'string') {
    stack = StringPrototypeReplace(
      stack,
      `${name}`,
      `${name} [${StringPrototypeSlice(getPrefix(constructor, tag, 'Error'), 0, -1)}]`,
    );
  }

  if (constructor === null ||
      (StringPrototypeEndsWith(name, 'Error') &&
      StringPrototypeStartsWith(stack, name) &&
      (stack.length === len || stack[len] === ':' || stack[len] === '\n'))) {
    let fallback = 'Error';
    if (constructor === null) {
      const start = RegExpPrototypeExec(/^([A-Z][a-z_ A-Z0-9[\]()-]+)(?::|\n {4}at)/, stack) ||
      RegExpPrototypeExec(/^([a-z_A-Z0-9-]*Error)$/, stack);
      fallback = (start?.[1]) || '';
      len = fallback.length;
      fallback ||= 'Error';
    }
    const prefix = StringPrototypeSlice(getPrefix(constructor, tag, fallback), 0, -1);
    if (name !== prefix) {
      if (StringPrototypeIncludes(prefix, name)) {
        if (len === 0) {
          stack = `${prefix}: ${stack}`;
        } else {
          stack = `${prefix}${StringPrototypeSlice(stack, len)}`;
        }
      } else {
        stack = `${prefix} [${name}]${StringPrototypeSlice(stack, len)}`;
      }
    }
  }
  return stack;
}

function removeDuplicateErrorKeys(ctx, keys, err, stack) {
  if (!ctx.showHidden && keys.length !== 0) {
    for (const name of ['name', 'message', 'stack']) {
      const index = ArrayPrototypeIndexOf(keys, name);
      // Only hide the property if it's a string and if it's part of the original stack
      if (index !== -1 && (typeof err[name] !== 'string' || StringPrototypeIncludes(stack, err[name]))) {
        ArrayPrototypeSplice(keys, index, 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

function markNodeModules(ctx, line) {
  let tempLine = '';
  let nodeModule;
  let pos = 0;
  while ((nodeModule = nodeModulesRegExp.exec(line)) !== null) {
    // '/node_modules/'.length === 14
    tempLine += StringPrototypeSlice(line, pos, nodeModule.index + 14);
    tempLine += ctx.stylize(nodeModule[1], 'module');
    pos = nodeModule.index + nodeModule[0].length;
  }
  if (pos !== 0) {
    line = tempLine + StringPrototypeSlice(line, pos);
  }
  return line;
}

function markCwd(ctx, line, workingDirectory) {
  let cwdStartPos = StringPrototypeIndexOf(line, workingDirectory);
  let tempLine = '';
  let cwdLength = workingDirectory.length;
  if (cwdStartPos !== -1) {
    if (StringPrototypeSlice(line, cwdStartPos - 7, cwdStartPos) === 'file://') {
      cwdLength += 7;
      cwdStartPos -= 7;
    }
    const start = line[cwdStartPos - 1] === '(' ? cwdStartPos - 1 : cwdStartPos;
    const end = start !== cwdStartPos && StringPrototypeEndsWith(line, ')') ? -1 : line.length;
    const workingDirectoryEndPos = cwdStartPos + cwdLength + 1;
    const cwdSlice = StringPrototypeSlice(line, start, workingDirectoryEndPos);

    tempLine += StringPrototypeSlice(line, 0, start);
    tempLine += ctx.stylize(cwdSlice, 'undefined');
    tempLine += StringPrototypeSlice(line, workingDirectoryEndPos, end);
    if (end === -1) {
      tempLine += ctx.stylize(')', 'undefined');
    }
  } else {
    tempLine += line;
  }
  return tempLine;
}

function safeGetCWD() {
  let workingDirectory;
  try {
    workingDirectory = process.cwd();
  } catch {
    return;
  }
  return workingDirectory;
}

function formatError(err, constructor, tag, ctx, keys) {
  const name = err.name != null ? err.name : 'Error';
  let stack = getStackString(ctx, err);

  removeDuplicateErrorKeys(ctx, keys, err, stack);

  if ('cause' in err &&
      (keys.length === 0 || !ArrayPrototypeIncludes(keys, 'cause'))) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(keys, 'cause');
  }

  // Print errors aggregated into AggregateError
  if (ArrayIsArray(err.errors) &&
      (keys.length === 0 || !ArrayPrototypeIncludes(keys, 'errors'))) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(keys, 'errors');
  }

  stack = improveStack(stack, constructor, name, tag);

  // Ignore the error message if it's contained in the stack.
  let pos = (err.message && StringPrototypeIndexOf(stack, err.message)) || -1;
  if (pos !== -1)
    pos += err.message.length;
  // Wrap the error in brackets in case it has no stack trace.
  const stackStart = StringPrototypeIndexOf(stack, '\n    at', pos);
  if (stackStart === -1) {
    stack = `[${stack}]`;
  } else {
    let newStack = StringPrototypeSlice(stack, 0, stackStart);
    const stackFramePart = StringPrototypeSlice(stack, stackStart + 1);
    const lines = getStackFrames(ctx, err, stackFramePart);
    if (ctx.colors) {
      // Highlight userland code and node modules.
      const workingDirectory = safeGetCWD();
      let esmWorkingDirectory;
      for (let line of lines) {
        const core = RegExpPrototypeExec(coreModuleRegExp, line);
        if (core !== null && BuiltinModule.exists(core[1])) {
          newStack += `\n${ctx.stylize(line, 'undefined')}`;
        } else {
          newStack += '\n';

          line = markNodeModules(ctx, line);
          if (workingDirectory !== undefined) {
            let newLine = markCwd(ctx, line, workingDirectory);
            if (newLine === line) {
              esmWorkingDirectory ??= pathToFileUrlHref(workingDirectory);
              newLine = markCwd(ctx, line, esmWorkingDirectory);
            }
            line = newLine;
          }

          newStack += line;
        }
      }
    } else {
      newStack += `\n${ArrayPrototypeJoin(lines, '\n')}`;
    }
    stack = newStack;
  }
  // The message and the stack have to be indented as well!
  if (ctx.indentationLvl !== 0) {
    const indentation = StringPrototypeRepeat(' ', ctx.indentationLvl);
    stack = StringPrototypeReplaceAll(stack, '\n', `\n${indentation}`);
  }
  return stack;
}

function groupArrayElements(ctx, output, value) {
  let totalLength = 0;
  let maxLength = 0;
  let i = 0;
  let outputLength = output.length;
  if (ctx.maxArrayLength < output.length) {
    // This makes sure the "... n more items" part is not taken into account.
    outputLength--;
  }
  const separatorSpace = 2; // Add 1 for the space and 1 for the separator.
  const dataLen = new Array(outputLength);
  // Calculate the total length of all output entries and the individual max
  // entries length of all output entries. We have to remove colors first,
  // otherwise the length would not be calculated properly.
  for (; i < outputLength; i++) {
    const len = getStringWidth(output[i], ctx.colors);
    dataLen[i] = len;
    totalLength += len + separatorSpace;
    if (maxLength < len)
      maxLength = len;
  }
  // Add two to `maxLength` as we add a single whitespace character plus a comma
  // in-between two entries.
  const actualMax = maxLength + separatorSpace;
  // Check if at least three entries fit next to each other and prevent grouping
  // of arrays that contains entries of very different length (i.e., if a single
  // entry is longer than 1/5 of all other entries combined). Otherwise the
  // space in-between small entries would be enormous.
  if (actualMax * 3 + ctx.indentationLvl < ctx.breakLength &&
      (totalLength / actualMax > 5 || maxLength <= 6)) {

    const approxCharHeights = 2.5;
    const averageBias = MathSqrt(actualMax - totalLength / output.length);
    const biasedMax = MathMax(actualMax - 3 - averageBias, 1);
    // Dynamically check how many columns seem possible.
    const columns = MathMin(
      // Ideally a square should be drawn. We expect a character to be about 2.5
      // times as high as wide. This is the area formula to calculate a square
      // which contains n rectangles of size `actualMax * approxCharHeights`.
      // Divide that by `actualMax` to receive the correct number of columns.
      // The added bias increases the columns for short entries.
      MathRound(
        MathSqrt(
          approxCharHeights * biasedMax * outputLength,
        ) / biasedMax,
      ),
      // Do not exceed the breakLength.
      MathFloor((ctx.breakLength - ctx.indentationLvl) / actualMax),
      // Limit array grouping for small `compact` modes as the user requested
      // minimal grouping.
      ctx.compact * 4,
      // Limit the columns to a maximum of fifteen.
      15,
    );
    // Return with the original output if no grouping should happen.
    if (columns <= 1) {
      return output;
    }
    const tmp = [];
    const maxLineLength = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
      let lineMaxLength = 0;
      for (let j = i; j < output.length; j += columns) {
        if (dataLen[j] > lineMaxLength)
          lineMaxLength = dataLen[j];
      }
      lineMaxLength += separatorSpace;
      maxLineLength[i] = lineMaxLength;
    }
    let order = StringPrototypePadStart;
    if (value !== undefined) {
      for (let i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
        if (typeof value[i] !== 'number' && typeof value[i] !== 'bigint') {
          order = StringPrototypePadEnd;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    // Each iteration creates a single line of grouped entries.
    for (let i = 0; i < outputLength; i += columns) {
      // The last lines may contain less entries than columns.
      const max = MathMin(i + columns, outputLength);
      let str = '';
      let j = i;
      for (; j < max - 1; j++) {
        // Calculate extra color padding in case it's active. This has to be
        // done line by line as some lines might contain more colors than
        // others.
        const padding = maxLineLength[j - i] + output[j].length - dataLen[j];
        str += order(`${output[j]}, `, padding, ' ');
      }
      if (order === StringPrototypePadStart) {
        const padding = maxLineLength[j - i] +
                        output[j].length -
                        dataLen[j] -
                        separatorSpace;
        str += StringPrototypePadStart(output[j], padding, ' ');
      } else {
        str += output[j];
      }
      ArrayPrototypePush(tmp, str);
    }
    if (ctx.maxArrayLength < output.length) {
      ArrayPrototypePush(tmp, output[outputLength]);
    }
    output = tmp;
  }
  return output;
}

function handleMaxCallStackSize(ctx, err, constructorName, indentationLvl) {
  ctx.seen.pop();
  ctx.indentationLvl = indentationLvl;
  return ctx.stylize(
    `[${constructorName}: Inspection interrupted ` +
      'prematurely. Maximum call stack size exceeded.]',
    'special',
  );
}

function addNumericSeparator(integerString) {
  let result = '';
  let i = integerString.length;
  assert(i !== 0);
  const start = integerString[0] === '-' ? 1 : 0;
  for (; i >= start + 4; i -= 3) {
    result = `_${StringPrototypeSlice(integerString, i - 3, i)}${result}`;
  }
  return i === integerString.length ?
    integerString :
    `${StringPrototypeSlice(integerString, 0, i)}${result}`;
}

function addNumericSeparatorEnd(integerString) {
  let result = '';
  let i = 0;
  for (; i < integerString.length - 3; i += 3) {
    result += `${StringPrototypeSlice(integerString, i, i + 3)}_`;
  }
  return i === 0 ?
    integerString :
    `${result}${StringPrototypeSlice(integerString, i)}`;
}

const remainingText = (remaining) => `... ${remaining} more item${remaining > 1 ? 's' : ''}`;

function formatNumber(fn, number, numericSeparator) {
  if (!numericSeparator) {
    // Format -0 as '-0'. Checking `number === -0` won't distinguish 0 from -0.
    if (ObjectIs(number, -0)) {
      return fn('-0', 'number');
    }
    return fn(`${number}`, 'number');
  }
  const integer = MathTrunc(number);
  const string = String(integer);
  if (integer === number) {
    if (!NumberIsFinite(number) || StringPrototypeIncludes(string, 'e')) {
      return fn(string, 'number');
    }
    return fn(`${addNumericSeparator(string)}`, 'number');
  }
  if (NumberIsNaN(number)) {
    return fn(string, 'number');
  }
  return fn(`${
    addNumericSeparator(string)
  }.${
    addNumericSeparatorEnd(
      StringPrototypeSlice(String(number), string.length + 1),
    )
  }`, 'number');
}

function formatBigInt(fn, bigint, numericSeparator) {
  const string = String(bigint);
  if (!numericSeparator) {
    return fn(`${string}n`, 'bigint');
  }
  return fn(`${addNumericSeparator(string)}n`, 'bigint');
}

function formatPrimitive(fn, value, ctx) {
  if (typeof value === 'string') {
    let trailer = '';
    if (value.length > ctx.maxStringLength) {
      const remaining = value.length - ctx.maxStringLength;
      value = StringPrototypeSlice(value, 0, ctx.maxStringLength);
      trailer = `... ${remaining} more character${remaining > 1 ? 's' : ''}`;
    }
    if (ctx.compact !== true &&
        // We do not support handling unicode characters width with
        // the readline getStringWidth function as there are
        // performance implications.
        value.length > kMinLineLength &&
        value.length > ctx.breakLength - ctx.indentationLvl - 4) {
      return ArrayPrototypeJoin(
        ArrayPrototypeMap(
          RegExpPrototypeSymbolSplit(/(?<=\n)/, value),
          (line) => fn(strEscape(line), 'string'),
        ),
        ` +\n${StringPrototypeRepeat(' ', ctx.indentationLvl + 2)}`,
      ) + trailer;
    }
    return fn(strEscape(value), 'string') + trailer;
  }
  if (typeof value === 'number')
    return formatNumber(fn, value, ctx.numericSeparator);
  if (typeof value === 'bigint')
    return formatBigInt(fn, value, ctx.numericSeparator);
  if (typeof value === 'boolean')
    return fn(`${value}`, 'boolean');
  if (typeof value === 'undefined')
    return fn('undefined', 'undefined');
  // es6 symbol primitive
  return fn(SymbolPrototypeToString(value), 'symbol');
}

function formatNamespaceObject(keys, ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  const output = new Array(keys.length);
  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    try {
      output[i] = formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, keys[i],
                                 kObjectType);
    } catch (err) {
      assert(isNativeError(err) && err.name === 'ReferenceError');
      // Use the existing functionality. This makes sure the indentation and
      // line breaks are always correct. Otherwise it is very difficult to keep
      // this aligned, even though this is a hacky way of dealing with this.
      const tmp = { [keys[i]]: '' };
      output[i] = formatProperty(ctx, tmp, recurseTimes, keys[i], kObjectType);
      const pos = StringPrototypeLastIndexOf(output[i], ' ');
      // We have to find the last whitespace and have to replace that value as
      // it will be visualized as a regular string.
      output[i] = StringPrototypeSlice(output[i], 0, pos + 1) +
                  ctx.stylize('<uninitialized>', 'special');
    }
  }
  // Reset the keys to an empty array. This prevents duplicated inspection.
  keys.length = 0;
  return output;
}

// The array is sparse and/or has extra keys
function formatSpecialArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, maxLength, output, i) {
  const keys = ObjectKeys(value);
  let index = i;
  for (; i < keys.length && output.length < maxLength; i++) {
    const key = keys[i];
    const tmp = +key;
    // Arrays can only have up to 2^32 - 1 entries
    if (tmp > 2 ** 32 - 2) {
      break;
    }
    if (`${index}` !== key) {
      if (RegExpPrototypeExec(numberRegExp, key) === null) {
        break;
      }
      const emptyItems = tmp - index;
      const ending = emptyItems > 1 ? 's' : '';
      const message = `<${emptyItems} empty item${ending}>`;
      ArrayPrototypePush(output, ctx.stylize(message, 'undefined'));
      index = tmp;
      if (output.length === maxLength) {
        break;
      }
    }
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, key, kArrayType));
    index++;
  }
  const remaining = value.length - index;
  if (output.length !== maxLength) {
    if (remaining > 0) {
      const ending = remaining > 1 ? 's' : '';
      const message = `<${remaining} empty item${ending}>`;
      ArrayPrototypePush(output, ctx.stylize(message, 'undefined'));
    }
  } else if (remaining > 0) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, remainingText(remaining));
  }
  return output;
}

function formatArrayBuffer(ctx, value) {
  let buffer;
  try {
    buffer = new Uint8Array(value);
  } catch {
    return [ctx.stylize('(detached)', 'special')];
  }
  if (hexSlice === undefined)
    hexSlice = uncurryThis(require('buffer').Buffer.prototype.hexSlice);
  let str = StringPrototypeTrim(RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(
    /(.{2})/g,
    hexSlice(buffer, 0, MathMin(ctx.maxArrayLength, buffer.length)),
    '$1 ',
  ));
  const remaining = buffer.length - ctx.maxArrayLength;
  if (remaining > 0)
    str += ` ... ${remaining} more byte${remaining > 1 ? 's' : ''}`;
  return [`${ctx.stylize('[Uint8Contents]', 'special')}: <${str}>`];
}

function formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  const valLen = value.length;
  const len = MathMin(MathMax(0, ctx.maxArrayLength), valLen);

  const remaining = valLen - len;
  const output = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    // Special handle sparse arrays.
    if (!ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(value, i)) {
      return formatSpecialArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, len, output, i);
    }
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, i, kArrayType));
  }
  if (remaining > 0) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, remainingText(remaining));
  }
  return output;
}

function formatTypedArray(value, length, ctx, ignored, recurseTimes) {
  const maxLength = MathMin(MathMax(0, ctx.maxArrayLength), length);
  const remaining = value.length - maxLength;
  const output = new Array(maxLength);
  const elementFormatter = value.length > 0 && typeof value[0] === 'number' ?
    formatNumber :
    formatBigInt;
  for (let i = 0; i < maxLength; ++i) {
    output[i] = elementFormatter(ctx.stylize, value[i], ctx.numericSeparator);
  }
  if (remaining > 0) {
    output[maxLength] = remainingText(remaining);
  }
  if (ctx.showHidden) {
    // .buffer goes last, it's not a primitive like the others.
    // All besides `BYTES_PER_ELEMENT` are actually getters.
    ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
    for (const key of [
      'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT',
      'length',
      'byteLength',
      'byteOffset',
      'buffer',
    ]) {
      const str = formatValue(ctx, value[key], recurseTimes, true);
      ArrayPrototypePush(output, `[${key}]: ${str}`);
    }
    ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
  }
  return output;
}

function formatSet(value, ctx, ignored, recurseTimes) {
  const length = value.size;
  const maxLength = MathMin(MathMax(0, ctx.maxArrayLength), length);
  const remaining = length - maxLength;
  const output = [];
  ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
  let i = 0;
  for (const v of value) {
    if (i >= maxLength) break;
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, formatValue(ctx, v, recurseTimes));
    i++;
  }
  if (remaining > 0) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, remainingText(remaining));
  }
  ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
  return output;
}

function formatMap(value, ctx, ignored, recurseTimes) {
  const length = value.size;
  const maxLength = MathMin(MathMax(0, ctx.maxArrayLength), length);
  const remaining = length - maxLength;
  const output = [];
  ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
  let i = 0;
  for (const { 0: k, 1: v } of value) {
    if (i >= maxLength) break;
    ArrayPrototypePush(
      output,
      `${formatValue(ctx, k, recurseTimes)} => ${formatValue(ctx, v, recurseTimes)}`,
    );
    i++;
  }
  if (remaining > 0) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, remainingText(remaining));
  }
  ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
  return output;
}

function formatSetIterInner(ctx, recurseTimes, entries, state) {
  const maxArrayLength = MathMax(ctx.maxArrayLength, 0);
  const maxLength = MathMin(maxArrayLength, entries.length);
  const output = new Array(maxLength);
  ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
  for (let i = 0; i < maxLength; i++) {
    output[i] = formatValue(ctx, entries[i], recurseTimes);
  }
  ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
  if (state === kWeak && !ctx.sorted) {
    // Sort all entries to have a halfway reliable output (if more entries than
    // retrieved ones exist, we can not reliably return the same output) if the
    // output is not sorted anyway.
    ArrayPrototypeSort(output);
  }
  const remaining = entries.length - maxLength;
  if (remaining > 0) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, remainingText(remaining));
  }
  return output;
}

function formatMapIterInner(ctx, recurseTimes, entries, state) {
  const maxArrayLength = MathMax(ctx.maxArrayLength, 0);
  // Entries exist as [key1, val1, key2, val2, ...]
  const len = entries.length / 2;
  const remaining = len - maxArrayLength;
  const maxLength = MathMin(maxArrayLength, len);
  const output = new Array(maxLength);
  let i = 0;
  ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
  if (state === kWeak) {
    for (; i < maxLength; i++) {
      const pos = i * 2;
      output[i] =
        `${formatValue(ctx, entries[pos], recurseTimes)} => ${formatValue(ctx, entries[pos + 1], recurseTimes)}`;
    }
    // Sort all entries to have a halfway reliable output (if more entries than
    // retrieved ones exist, we can not reliably return the same output) if the
    // output is not sorted anyway.
    if (!ctx.sorted)
      ArrayPrototypeSort(output);
  } else {
    for (; i < maxLength; i++) {
      const pos = i * 2;
      const res = [
        formatValue(ctx, entries[pos], recurseTimes),
        formatValue(ctx, entries[pos + 1], recurseTimes),
      ];
      output[i] = reduceToSingleString(
        ctx, res, '', ['[', ']'], kArrayExtrasType, recurseTimes);
    }
  }
  ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
  if (remaining > 0) {
    ArrayPrototypePush(output, remainingText(remaining));
  }
  return output;
}

function formatWeakCollection(ctx) {
  return [ctx.stylize('<items unknown>', 'special')];
}

function formatWeakSet(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  const entries = previewEntries(value);
  return formatSetIterInner(ctx, recurseTimes, entries, kWeak);
}

function formatWeakMap(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  const entries = previewEntries(value);
  return formatMapIterInner(ctx, recurseTimes, entries, kWeak);
}

function formatIterator(braces, ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  const { 0: entries, 1: isKeyValue } = previewEntries(value, true);
  if (isKeyValue) {
    // Mark entry iterators as such.
    braces[0] = RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(/ Iterator] {$/, braces[0], ' Entries] {');
    return formatMapIterInner(ctx, recurseTimes, entries, kMapEntries);
  }

  return formatSetIterInner(ctx, recurseTimes, entries, kIterator);
}

function formatPromise(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  let output;
  const { 0: state, 1: result } = getPromiseDetails(value);
  if (state === kPending) {
    output = [ctx.stylize('<pending>', 'special')];
  } else {
    ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
    const str = formatValue(ctx, result, recurseTimes);
    ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
    output = [
      state === kRejected ?
        `${ctx.stylize('<rejected>', 'special')} ${str}` :
        str,
    ];
  }
  return output;
}

function formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, key, type, desc,
                        original = value) {
  let name, str;
  let extra = ' ';
  desc ||= ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, key) ||
    { value: value[key], enumerable: true };
  if (desc.value !== undefined) {
    const diff = (ctx.compact !== true || type !== kObjectType) ? 2 : 3;
    ctx.indentationLvl += diff;
    str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, recurseTimes);
    if (diff === 3 && ctx.breakLength < getStringWidth(str, ctx.colors)) {
      extra = `\n${StringPrototypeRepeat(' ', ctx.indentationLvl)}`;
    }
    ctx.indentationLvl -= diff;
  } else if (desc.get !== undefined) {
    const label = desc.set !== undefined ? 'Getter/Setter' : 'Getter';
    const s = ctx.stylize;
    const sp = 'special';
    if (ctx.getters && (ctx.getters === true ||
          (ctx.getters === 'get' && desc.set === undefined) ||
          (ctx.getters === 'set' && desc.set !== undefined))) {
      try {
        const tmp = FunctionPrototypeCall(desc.get, original);
        ctx.indentationLvl += 2;
        if (tmp === null) {
          str = `${s(`[${label}:`, sp)} ${s('null', 'null')}${s(']', sp)}`;
        } else if (typeof tmp === 'object') {
          str = `${s(`[${label}]`, sp)} ${formatValue(ctx, tmp, recurseTimes)}`;
        } else {
          const primitive = formatPrimitive(s, tmp, ctx);
          str = `${s(`[${label}:`, sp)} ${primitive}${s(']', sp)}`;
        }
        ctx.indentationLvl -= 2;
      } catch (err) {
        const message = `<Inspection threw (${err.message})>`;
        str = `${s(`[${label}:`, sp)} ${message}${s(']', sp)}`;
      }
    } else {
      str = ctx.stylize(`[${label}]`, sp);
    }
  } else if (desc.set !== undefined) {
    str = ctx.stylize('[Setter]', 'special');
  } else {
    str = ctx.stylize('undefined', 'undefined');
  }
  if (type === kArrayType) {
    return str;
  }
  if (typeof key === 'symbol') {
    const tmp = RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(
      strEscapeSequencesReplacer,
      SymbolPrototypeToString(key),
      escapeFn,
    );
    name = ctx.stylize(tmp, 'symbol');
  } else if (RegExpPrototypeExec(keyStrRegExp, key) !== null) {
    name = key === '__proto__' ? "['__proto__']" : ctx.stylize(key, 'name');
  } else {
    name = ctx.stylize(strEscape(key), 'string');
  }

  if (desc.enumerable === false) {
    name = `[${name}]`;
  }
  return `${name}:${extra}${str}`;
}

function isBelowBreakLength(ctx, output, start, base) {
  // Each entry is separated by at least a comma. Thus, we start with a total
  // length of at least `output.length`. In addition, some cases have a
  // whitespace in-between each other that is added to the total as well.
  // TODO(BridgeAR): Add unicode support. Use the readline getStringWidth
  // function. Check the performance overhead and make it an opt-in in case it's
  // significant.
  let totalLength = output.length + start;
  if (totalLength + output.length > ctx.breakLength)
    return false;
  for (let i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
    if (ctx.colors) {
      totalLength += removeColors(output[i]).length;
    } else {
      totalLength += output[i].length;
    }
    if (totalLength > ctx.breakLength) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  // Do not line up properties on the same line if `base` contains line breaks.
  return base === '' || !StringPrototypeIncludes(base, '\n');
}

function reduceToSingleString(
  ctx, output, base, braces, extrasType, recurseTimes, value) {
  if (ctx.compact !== true) {
    if (typeof ctx.compact === 'number' && ctx.compact >= 1) {
      // Memorize the original output length. In case the output is grouped,
      // prevent lining up the entries on a single line.
      const entries = output.length;
      // Group array elements together if the array contains at least six
      // separate entries.
      if (extrasType === kArrayExtrasType && entries > 6) {
        output = groupArrayElements(ctx, output, value);
      }
      // `ctx.currentDepth` is set to the most inner depth of the currently
      // inspected object part while `recurseTimes` is the actual current depth
      // that is inspected.
      //
      // Example:
      //
      // const a = { first: [ 1, 2, 3 ], second: { inner: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } }
      //
      // The deepest depth of `a` is 2 (a.second.inner) and `a.first` has a max
      // depth of 1.
      //
      // Consolidate all entries of the local most inner depth up to
      // `ctx.compact`, as long as the properties are smaller than
      // `ctx.breakLength`.
      if (ctx.currentDepth - recurseTimes < ctx.compact &&
          entries === output.length) {
        // Line up all entries on a single line in case the entries do not
        // exceed `breakLength`. Add 10 as constant to start next to all other
        // factors that may reduce `breakLength`.
        const start = output.length + ctx.indentationLvl +
                      braces[0].length + base.length + 10;
        if (isBelowBreakLength(ctx, output, start, base)) {
          const joinedOutput = join(output, ', ');
          if (!StringPrototypeIncludes(joinedOutput, '\n')) {
            return `${base ? `${base} ` : ''}${braces[0]} ${joinedOutput}` +
              ` ${braces[1]}`;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // Line up each entry on an individual line.
    const indentation = `\n${StringPrototypeRepeat(' ', ctx.indentationLvl)}`;
    return `${base ? `${base} ` : ''}${braces[0]}${indentation}  ` +
      `${join(output, `,${indentation}  `)}${indentation}${braces[1]}`;
  }
  // Line up all entries on a single line in case the entries do not exceed
  // `breakLength`.
  if (isBelowBreakLength(ctx, output, 0, base)) {
    return `${braces[0]}${base ? ` ${base}` : ''} ${join(output, ', ')} ` +
      braces[1];
  }
  const indentation = StringPrototypeRepeat(' ', ctx.indentationLvl);
  // If the opening "brace" is too large, like in the case of "Set {",
  // we need to force the first item to be on the next line or the
  // items will not line up correctly.
  const ln = base === '' && braces[0].length === 1 ?
    ' ' : `${base ? ` ${base}` : ''}\n${indentation}  `;
  // Line up each entry on an individual line.
  return `${braces[0]}${ln}${join(output, `,\n${indentation}  `)} ${braces[1]}`;
}

function hasBuiltInToString(value) {
  // Prevent triggering proxy traps.
  const getFullProxy = false;
  const proxyTarget = getProxyDetails(value, getFullProxy);
  if (proxyTarget !== undefined) {
    if (proxyTarget === null) {
      return true;
    }
    value = proxyTarget;
  }

  let hasOwnToString = ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty;
  let hasOwnToPrimitive = ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty;

  // Count objects without `toString` and `Symbol.toPrimitive` function as built-in.
  if (typeof value.toString !== 'function') {
    if (typeof value[SymbolToPrimitive] !== 'function') {
      return true;
    } else if (ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(value, SymbolToPrimitive)) {
      return false;
    }
    hasOwnToString = returnFalse;
  } else if (ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(value, 'toString')) {
    return false;
  } else if (typeof value[SymbolToPrimitive] !== 'function') {
    hasOwnToPrimitive = returnFalse;
  } else if (ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(value, SymbolToPrimitive)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Find the object that has the `toString` property or `Symbol.toPrimitive` property
  // as own property in the prototype chain.
  let pointer = value;
  do {
    pointer = ObjectGetPrototypeOf(pointer);
  } while (!hasOwnToString(pointer, 'toString') &&
    !hasOwnToPrimitive(pointer, SymbolToPrimitive));

  // Check closer if the object is a built-in.
  const descriptor = ObjectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(pointer, 'constructor');
  return descriptor !== undefined &&
    typeof descriptor.value === 'function' &&
    builtInObjects.has(descriptor.value.name);
}

function returnFalse() {
  return false;
}

const firstErrorLine = (error) => StringPrototypeSplit(error.message, '\n', 1)[0];
let CIRCULAR_ERROR_MESSAGE;
function tryStringify(arg) {
  try {
    return JSONStringify(arg);
  } catch (err) {
    // Populate the circular error message lazily
    if (!CIRCULAR_ERROR_MESSAGE) {
      try {
        const a = {};
        a.a = a;
        JSONStringify(a);
      } catch (circularError) {
        CIRCULAR_ERROR_MESSAGE = firstErrorLine(circularError);
      }
    }
    if (err.name === 'TypeError' &&
        firstErrorLine(err) === CIRCULAR_ERROR_MESSAGE) {
      return '[Circular]';
    }
    throw err;
  }
}

function format(...args) {
  return formatWithOptionsInternal(undefined, args);
}

function formatWithOptions(inspectOptions, ...args) {
  validateObject(inspectOptions, 'inspectOptions', kValidateObjectAllowArray);
  return formatWithOptionsInternal(inspectOptions, args);
}

function formatNumberNoColor(number, options) {
  return formatNumber(
    stylizeNoColor,
    number,
    options?.numericSeparator ?? inspectDefaultOptions.numericSeparator,
  );
}

function formatBigIntNoColor(bigint, options) {
  return formatBigInt(
    stylizeNoColor,
    bigint,
    options?.numericSeparator ?? inspectDefaultOptions.numericSeparator,
  );
}

function formatWithOptionsInternal(inspectOptions, args) {
  const first = args[0];
  let a = 0;
  let str = '';
  let join = '';

  if (typeof first === 'string') {
    if (args.length === 1) {
      return first;
    }
    let tempStr;
    let lastPos = 0;

    for (let i = 0; i < first.length - 1; i++) {
      if (StringPrototypeCharCodeAt(first, i) === 37) { // '%'
        const nextChar = StringPrototypeCharCodeAt(first, ++i);
        if (a + 1 !== args.length) {
          switch (nextChar) {
            case 115: { // 's'
              const tempArg = args[++a];
              if (typeof tempArg === 'number') {
                tempStr = formatNumberNoColor(tempArg, inspectOptions);
              } else if (typeof tempArg === 'bigint') {
                tempStr = formatBigIntNoColor(tempArg, inspectOptions);
              } else if (typeof tempArg !== 'object' ||
                         tempArg === null ||
                         !hasBuiltInToString(tempArg)) {
                tempStr = String(tempArg);
              } else {
                tempStr = inspect(tempArg, {
                  ...inspectOptions,
                  compact: 3,
                  colors: false,
                  depth: 0,
                });
              }
              break;
            }
            case 106: // 'j'
              tempStr = tryStringify(args[++a]);
              break;
            case 100: { // 'd'
              const tempNum = args[++a];
              if (typeof tempNum === 'bigint') {
                tempStr = formatBigIntNoColor(tempNum, inspectOptions);
              } else if (typeof tempNum === 'symbol') {
                tempStr = 'NaN';
              } else {
                tempStr = formatNumberNoColor(Number(tempNum), inspectOptions);
              }
              break;
            }
            case 79: // 'O'
              tempStr = inspect(args[++a], inspectOptions);
              break;
            case 111: // 'o'
              tempStr = inspect(args[++a], {
                ...inspectOptions,
                showHidden: true,
                showProxy: true,
                depth: 4,
              });
              break;
            case 105: { // 'i'
              const tempInteger = args[++a];
              if (typeof tempInteger === 'bigint') {
                tempStr = formatBigIntNoColor(tempInteger, inspectOptions);
              } else if (typeof tempInteger === 'symbol') {
                tempStr = 'NaN';
              } else {
                tempStr = formatNumberNoColor(
                  NumberParseInt(tempInteger), inspectOptions);
              }
              break;
            }
            case 102: { // 'f'
              const tempFloat = args[++a];
              if (typeof tempFloat === 'symbol') {
                tempStr = 'NaN';
              } else {
                tempStr = formatNumberNoColor(
                  NumberParseFloat(tempFloat), inspectOptions);
              }
              break;
            }
            case 99: // 'c'
              a += 1;
              tempStr = '';
              break;
            case 37: // '%'
              str += StringPrototypeSlice(first, lastPos, i);
              lastPos = i + 1;
              continue;
            default: // Any other character is not a correct placeholder
              continue;
          }
          if (lastPos !== i - 1) {
            str += StringPrototypeSlice(first, lastPos, i - 1);
          }
          str += tempStr;
          lastPos = i + 1;
        } else if (nextChar === 37) {
          str += StringPrototypeSlice(first, lastPos, i);
          lastPos = i + 1;
        }
      }
    }
    if (lastPos !== 0) {
      a++;
      join = ' ';
      if (lastPos < first.length) {
        str += StringPrototypeSlice(first, lastPos);
      }
    }
  }

  while (a < args.length) {
    const value = args[a];
    str += join;
    str += typeof value !== 'string' ? inspect(value, inspectOptions) : value;
    join = ' ';
    a++;
  }
  return str;
}

function isZeroWidthCodePoint(code) {
  return code <= 0x1F || // C0 control codes
    (code >= 0x7F && code <= 0x9F) || // C1 control codes
    (code >= 0x300 && code <= 0x36F) || // Combining Diacritical Marks
    (code >= 0x200B && code <= 0x200F) || // Modifying Invisible Characters
    // Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols
    (code >= 0x20D0 && code <= 0x20FF) ||
    (code >= 0xFE00 && code <= 0xFE0F) || // Variation Selectors
    (code >= 0xFE20 && code <= 0xFE2F) || // Combining Half Marks
    (code >= 0xE0100 && code <= 0xE01EF); // Variation Selectors
}

if (internalBinding('config').hasIntl) {
  const icu = internalBinding('icu');
  // icu.getStringWidth(string, ambiguousAsFullWidth, expandEmojiSequence)
  // Defaults: ambiguousAsFullWidth = false; expandEmojiSequence = true;
  // TODO(BridgeAR): Expose the options to the user. That is probably the
  // best thing possible at the moment, since it's difficult to know what
  // the receiving end supports.
  getStringWidth = function getStringWidth(str, removeControlChars = true) {
    let width = 0;

    if (removeControlChars) {
      str = stripVTControlCharacters(str);
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
      // Try to avoid calling into C++ by first handling the ASCII portion of
      // the string. If it is fully ASCII, we skip the C++ part.
      const code = str.charCodeAt(i);
      if (code >= 127) {
        width += icu.getStringWidth(StringPrototypeNormalize(StringPrototypeSlice(str, i), 'NFC'));
        break;
      }
      width += code >= 32 ? 1 : 0;
    }
    return width;
  };
} else {
  /**
   * @param {string} str
   * @param {boolean} [removeControlChars]
   * @returns {number} number of columns required to display the given string.
   */
  getStringWidth = function getStringWidth(str, removeControlChars = true) {
    let width = 0;

    if (removeControlChars)
      str = stripVTControlCharacters(str);
    str = StringPrototypeNormalize(str, 'NFC');
    for (const char of new SafeStringIterator(str)) {
      const code = StringPrototypeCodePointAt(char, 0);
      if (isFullWidthCodePoint(code)) {
        width += 2;
      } else if (!isZeroWidthCodePoint(code)) {
        width++;
      }
    }

    return width;
  };

  /**
   * Returns true if the character represented by a given
   * Unicode code point is full-width. Otherwise returns false.
   * @param {string} code
   * @returns {boolean}
   */
  const isFullWidthCodePoint = (code) => {
    // Code points are partially derived from:
    // https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/EastAsianWidth.txt
    return code >= 0x1100 && (
      code <= 0x115f ||  // Hangul Jamo
      code === 0x2329 || // LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
      code === 0x232a || // RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
      // CJK Radicals Supplement .. Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
      (code >= 0x2e80 && code <= 0x3247 && code !== 0x303f) ||
      // Enclosed CJK Letters and Months .. CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A
      (code >= 0x3250 && code <= 0x4dbf) ||
      // CJK Unified Ideographs .. Yi Radicals
      (code >= 0x4e00 && code <= 0xa4c6) ||
      // Hangul Jamo Extended-A
      (code >= 0xa960 && code <= 0xa97c) ||
      // Hangul Syllables
      (code >= 0xac00 && code <= 0xd7a3) ||
      // CJK Compatibility Ideographs
      (code >= 0xf900 && code <= 0xfaff) ||
      // Vertical Forms
      (code >= 0xfe10 && code <= 0xfe19) ||
      // CJK Compatibility Forms .. Small Form Variants
      (code >= 0xfe30 && code <= 0xfe6b) ||
      // Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
      (code >= 0xff01 && code <= 0xff60) ||
      (code >= 0xffe0 && code <= 0xffe6) ||
      // Kana Supplement
      (code >= 0x1b000 && code <= 0x1b001) ||
      // Enclosed Ideographic Supplement
      (code >= 0x1f200 && code <= 0x1f251) ||
      // Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs 0x1f300 - 0x1f5ff
      // Emoticons 0x1f600 - 0x1f64f
      (code >= 0x1f300 && code <= 0x1f64f) ||
      // CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B .. Tertiary Ideographic Plane
      (code >= 0x20000 && code <= 0x3fffd)
    );
  };

}

/**
 * Remove all VT control characters. Use to estimate displayed string width.
 * @param {string} str
 * @returns {string}
 */
function stripVTControlCharacters(str) {
  validateString(str, 'str');

  return RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(ansi, str, '');
}

module.exports = {
  identicalSequenceRange,
  inspect,
  inspectDefaultOptions,
  format,
  formatWithOptions,
  getStringWidth,
  stripVTControlCharacters,
  isZeroWidthCodePoint,
};